I'm using Linux Mint 11, so it might be a little different for LMDE--please check the files I mention exist before you edit them, else the correct path must be different on LMDE. Anyway, you can edit /etc/default/locale (gksudo gedit /etc/default/locale) and set what locale to use for time (and dates). For example, adding the line:
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LC_TIME="en_GB.UTF-8"
Check with the following command what locales you have installed on your system:
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locale -a
You can add locales to our system in the file /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local and them running sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales.
You would have to take one of the English language locales (else Fri and Jan would be displayed in another language...), perhaps there is some where day of month and month name are reversed in order. Don't know

Not sure how else to change this either, except to configure the date format (order) in an application itself.