Linux Mint Forums

by **seeley** on Sun Jan 09, 2011 7:29 am

P r e f a c e

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This document is provided as is - without warranty. Use it at your own risk.
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All programs and commands tested -
---------------------------------
Exceptions mentioned!
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Tests realized: Julia KDE (64 bit), Katya Gnome (64 + 32 bit), LMDE (64 + 32 bit) on 3 notebooks

This HowTo has no logical sequence, because
> Chapters result from problems in Mint Forum > I only could attach 3 screenshots each post

Downloads http://www.linuxmint.com/oldreleases.php See which version is supported > Overview Linux Mint Releases:

Linux Mint: Desktop Gnome, KDE, Xfce, LXDE and Fluxbox (LM9). Official User Guide: http://www.linuxmint.com/documentation.php
Linux Mint Debian (LMDE): Desktop Gnome, Xfce, (KDE?) > rolling release

Important!
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Before you install Mint: I highly recommend to download and burn live CD PartedMagic or SystemRescue.
+ Both are containing GParted, the best Partition Editor I know (and other useful tools).
+ If you have Windows (pre-)installed: additional SuperGrubDisk!
+ Homepages: => Please see chapter 0.2

+ After having installed Linux, your computer may not boot;
+ with SGD you are able to start Windows (and maybe Linux) ; with PM or SR you can manipulate system files.

+ No CD / DVD drive: create a live USB SystemRescue => Please see chapter 21 [ methods from Windows and Linux ]
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

~~~~~~~~~~
Chapters
~~~~~~~~~~

00 Windows
> 0.1 Checking download and burning image
> 0.2 Valuable live mediums
> 0.3 Preparing Windows for dual boot
01 Linux
02 Terminal / Editors
> 2.1 Short introduction in Terminal
> 2.2 Editors
03 Opening a Thread
04 Hardware
05 Sound
06 Installation
> 6.1 Grub
> 6.2 Partitioning
07 Request
08 HOWTOS
09 Network
10 UNetbootin
11 Windows chainload
12 Integrity of a live CD /DVD
13 Backup boot loader
14 Explanation of a specific partitioning
15 Start Mint from command line
16 swap
> 16.1 Partition
> 16.2 File
> 16.3 Suspend to disk
17 PartedMagic
18 GParted
19 Create live USB with "dd"
20 Move home
> 20.1 Preliminary work
> 20.2
21 SystemRescue USB
> 21.1 USB installation method from Windows
> 21.2 USB installation method from Linux
> 21.3 System Rescue
22 Bluetooth

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
00 Windows
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

0.1 Checking download and burning image

Check md5sum after download: WinMD5Free.exe > http://www.winmd5.com/

No burning program -> SetupImgBurn_2.5.5.0.exe > http://www.imgburn.com/
Burn with low speed!

0.2 Valuable live mediums

If installation is failing: Prevention is better than cure!

To start Windows or Linux, repair boot loader GRUB v.1.9:
SuperGrubDisk http://www.supergrubdisk.org/ : Rescatux - Super Grub2 Disk
SystemRescueCd: http://www.sysresccd.org/Main_Page

PM is more than a Linux operating system!
PartedMagic http://partedmagic.com/doku.php?id=downloads

0.3 Preparing Windows for dual boot

Backup your data to an external backup medium before trying a dual-boot install.
Windows should be installed first, because it´s a lot easier than installing Windows after Linux.

Clean up unnecessary files and defragment the drive before resizing:

Free downloads:

Revouninstaller - http://www.revouninstaller.com/revo_uninstaller_free_download.html
revosetup.exe ~ 2.6 MB
Features:
+ Creating SystemRestorePoint
+ Scanning for leftovers after the standard uninstall

CCleaner - http://www.piriform.com/ccleaner
ccsetupVersion.exe ~ 3 MB
Features:
+ Cleaner (System, Applications)
+ Registry Cleaner
+ Remove SRP

AuslogicsDiskDefrag - http://www.auslogics-disk-defrag.org/
disk-defrag-setup.exe ~ 4.5 MB

Shrinking Windows

Windows partition needs to be shrunk, creating free space for the Linux partition(s).
Don't shrink Windows on a running system, use a live medium as PartedMagic/ GParted, GParted or KDE Partition Manager

GParted: http://gparted.sourceforge.net/

KDE Partition Manager tested as a tool of a live Linux and as a live CD KDE Partition Manager!
KDE Partition Manager: http://kde-apps.org/content/show.php?content=89595

After shrinking a Windows partition:
reboot into Windows prior to further partitioning or even installing Mint - to enable Windows to update its boot files.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
01 Linux
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Check download > Terminal/ Konsole: command md5sum *.iso

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ pwd /home/seeley seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ cd Downloads seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ ls -l total 3614264 -rw-r--r-- 1 seeley seeley 725968896 Jul 24 11:33 linuxmint-11-lxde-32bit-rc2.iso -rw-r--r-- 1 seeley seeley 54 Jul 24 11:23 md5sumMint11LXDErc2iso seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ md5sum linuxmint-11-lxde-32bit-rc2.iso f1c310e709c3236a84a7afa4a44f696d linuxmint-11-lxde-32bit-rc2.iso seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ cat md5sumMint11LXDErc2iso f1c310e709c3236a84a7afa4a44f696d md5 mintLXDE11rc2iso

To burn an image: Gnome: Brasero, KDE and Gnome: K3b

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
02 Terminal / Editors
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

2.1 Short introduction in Terminal

Many tasks in Linux can be done from both graphical interfaces and from commands.
To solve a problem the help you get often requires the output of Terminal / Konsole.
You can find it: Menu/ Accessories/ or Menu/ System Tools- it depends on the distribution and the Desktop.
Some commands require administrator rights (root) - the command depends on the distribution and the Desktop:

On live medium:

Code: Select all: sudo su

<ENTER>

Otherwise:

Code: Select all: su -

password

Code: Select all: command

or

Code: Select all: sudo command

password

BTW: LMDE has a Root Terminal.

If you want to post the output of a command:
Mark it, copy (and paste) it into your POST A REPLY choosing Code and pasting it between the two pairs of [] [] brackets - to better read it.

Important commands:

Code: Select all: ls

> list directory
A description :

Code: Select all: man ls

| back with q (quit)

Code: Select all: pwd

> print working directory, e.g.:

/home/seeley

Code: Select all: cat /etc/hostname

> concatenate files and print, e.g.:

seeley-Amilo

Code: Select all: df -h

> file system disk space

Code: Select all: mount

Code: Select all: free

> amount of free memory

Code: Select all: dmesg

> print bootup messages

2.2 Editors

Desktop.....Editor...........root command..........Main Menu >
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gnome.......Gedit............gksudo gedit.............Accessories
KDE...........Kate..............kdesudo kate *)........Applications > Utilities
LXDE.........Leafpad....
XFCE.........Mousepad....gksudo mousepad...
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*) Alt+F2: kdesu kate / kdesu kwrite
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Without graphical interface you have to use a Terminal editor

vim
http://www.linuxquestions.org/linux/ans ... i_Improved

nano

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
03 Opening a thread
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1. Posting distribution, kernel, desktop and data medium

Code: Select all: lsb_release -rd

Ex 01.a:

Description: Linux Mint 10 Julia
Release: 10

Ex 01.b:

Description: Linux Mint Debian Edition
Release: 1

Code: Select all: uname -a

Ex 02.a:

... 2.6.35-22-generic #33-Ubuntu SMP Sun Sep 19 20:32:27 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux

-> 64 bit
Ex 02.b:

... 2.6.32-5-686 #1 SMP Thu Nov 25 18:43:34 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux

-> 32 bit
Ex 02.c:

2.6.39-1.dmz.2-liquorix-amd64 #1 ZEN SMP PREEMPT Fri Jun 10 01:11:24 CDT 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux

-> 64 bit

Desktop: Gnome, KDE, Xfce, LXDE, Fluxbox
Image on CD, DVD, USB

2. Number of hard disks

Code: Select all: inxi -F | grep Disks

Ex3:

Disks: HDD Total Size: 80.0GB (5.4% used) 1: /dev/sda FUJITSU_MHT2080A 80.0GB

installed operating systems
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------important---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 EXAMPLES WHAT YOU SHOULD POST
Example 4.1 (Minimum):

Mint 9/ KDE/ 32 bit/ installed from live-CD/ VISTA preinstalled/ 1 hard disk

Example 4.2:

Mint Julia/ Gnome 2.32.0/ kernel 2.6.35-22-generic #33-Ubuntu SMP Sep 19 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux
installed from live USB <-UNetbootin/ multiboot W7 - Julia - Fedora/
Disks: HDD Total Size: 504.2GB (12.4% used) 1: /dev/sda TOSHIBA_MK5055GS 500.1GB

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------important---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Code: Select all: gnome-about

shows Gnome version.

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04 Hardware
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List Hardware:
As root:

Code: Select all: lshw

or

Code: Select all: hwinfo

Maybe you get a message

Code: Select all: The program 'hwinfo' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing: sudo apt-get install hwinfo

Code: Select all: lsusb

lists e.g.:
USB mouse, USB printer,
USB flash drive [-> ICON on Gnome Desktop; unplug: right click and "Safely Remove Drive"!],
integrated webcam (!),
USB modem, e.g.:

Bus 002 Device 007: ID 12d1:1003 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. E220 HSDPA Modem / E270 HSDPA/HSUPA Modem

The first 4 hexadecimal characters (12d1) are showing the vendor and the second 4 hexadecimal characters (1003) the product.

Code: Select all: lspci

e.g.: Audio controller, Firewire, SD Host Controller, Network Controller,...

Links concerning Hardware problems:
Debian Wiki: http://wiki.debian.org/HowToIdentifyADevice/PCI

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05 Sound
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Run in a Terminal and post the output:
a)

Code: Select all: cat /proc/asound/card0/codec#* | grep Codec

Ex5:

Codec: IDT 92HD71B7X

and

Code: Select all: aplay -L

b)
Sound preferences:
left part of the image: right click on speaker iCON.....................................|| right part of the image: run "pavucontrol" in a Terminal.....................

: sound1.png (56.57 KiB) Viewed 12530 times

c)
Terminal:

Code: Select all: alsamixer

: sound2.png (49.89 KiB) Viewed 12530 times

Hit F6 to choose your sound card and push buttons up!

d)
Terminal:

Code: Select all: gnome-alsamixer

: sound3.png (46.6 KiB) Viewed 12530 times

e) Edit files *.conf
Sometimes you must add a row in the file /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf, e.g.
(HDA Intel card):
options snd-hda-intel model=auto
Save, reboot, run "alsamixer" to unmute and adjust channels.
If this step was unsuccessful, replace that line with
options snd-hda-intel model=laptop
or instead of "laptop": name of the computer, the model, the manufacturer.
Save, reboot, run "alsamixer" to unmute and adjust channels.

/blacklist*.conf

f) Installation of another kernel / waiting for a new kernel.

Links [solved]:
1. eepc1005hab
Mint 10 is nice but fails re microphone <workaround found>
2.
Help for Sound Problems Intel (ICH5/ICH5R) AC'97
3. Acer eeePC Realtek ALC629
Suddenly no sound from speakers, headphones work
4. LG P1 Express ALC880
No sound on my laptop LG P1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
06 Installation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

6.1 Grub

The GRand Unified Bootloader 2, GRUB 2, is following Grub legacy (Grub 1). I name the successor GRUB"2", because version 1.97 contains bugs (concerning VISTA and PCLinuxOS).
Instead of menu.lst GRUB"2" uses 2 files: grub.cfg (should not be edited) and grub (can be edited)
and a directory /etc/grub.d/
The files can be displayed by:

Code: Select all: cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg

and

Code: Select all: cat /etc/default/grub

To edit grub:

Code: Select all: gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

afterwards run

Code: Select all: sudo update-grub

to write changes into grub.cfg

In Ubuntuusers.de/Wiki :
http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/GRUB_Umgebung_analysieren#GRUB-Installation-in-MBR-und-Bootsektor-automatisch-aufspueren
I found the following command (De -> En):
Copy the command into a Terminal and post the output.

Code: Select all: sudo fdisk -l 2>/dev/null | egrep "Disk /|/dev/" | sed "s#^/dev/#Part /dev/#" | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/://' | xargs -n1 -IX sudo sh -c "hexdump -v -s 0x80 -n 2 -e '2/1 \"%x\" \"\\n\"' X | xargs -n1 -IY sh -c \"case \"Y\" in '48b4') echo X: GRUB 2 v1.96 ;; 'aa75' | '5272') echo X: GRUB Legacy ;; '7c3c') echo X: GRUB 2 v1.97 or higher ;; *) echo X: No GRUB Y ;; esac\""

- I name it "findGrub"- (De -> EN)

GRUB Byte-Kennungen
5272 GRUB (Legacy)
aa75 GRUB (Legacy)
48b4 GRUB 2 (Version 1.96)
7c3c GRUB 2 (Version 1.97 or 1.98)
020 GRUB 2 (Version 1.99)
488 Grub 2 core.img
Other Systems:
...

Unfortunately "findGrub" does not work correctly:

I recently installed Katya (Gnome 64 bit) onto the logical partition /dev/sda5 with boot loader Grub"2" into the MasterBootRecord of my hard disk (/dev/sda):
boot loader Grub 1.99rc1 in the MBR of /dev/sda
but "findGRUB" displayed

Code: Select all: /dev/sda: No GRUB 020

But Byte identifier 020 means: Grub 1.99

However the following command

Code: Select all: dpkg --list | grep grub

displays the correct version (Grub of the current Linux):

Code: Select all: ii grub-common 1.99~rc1-13ubuntu3-1mint1 GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (common files) ii grub-gfxpayload-lists 0.2 GRUB gfxpayload blacklist ii grub-pc 1.99~rc1-13ubuntu3-1mint1 GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (PC/BIOS version) ii grub2-theme-mint 1.0.7

Links concerning GRUB"2":

Ubuntu Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2
Hermans GNU GRUB 1.98: http://members.iinet.net/~herman546/p20.html

If "findGrub" displayed GRUB2 on your root partition -> repair
If "findGrub" displayed No GRUB on your root partition -> install

To repair Grub"2"

Boot from your Mint live medium
Supposing hard disk /dev/sda and Mint root partition sdaX is not labelled
IMPORTANT: replace X 4 times in 3 commands and sda, if your hd is not identified as sda !
Terminal:

Code: Select all: ls /media

No output is okay.
Supposing Mint is installed in /dev/sdaX and Grub2 into the MBR of /dev/sda:
Case sensitivity!
Terminal: As root (e.g. Gnome Desktop):

Code: Select all: sudo mkdir /media/SDAX

Code: Select all: sudo mount /dev/sdaX /media/SDAX

Code: Select all: ls /media

SDAX should be printed.
Terminal:

Code: Select all: sudo grub-setup -d /media/SDAX/boot/grub /dev/sda

IMPORTANT: replace X 4 times in 3 commands

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I did not try to repair or install GRUB"2" on a system with own boot partition!
I suppose you must mount both boot and root partitions and choose as sadX the boot partition.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To install Grub"2" TESTED in this forum: http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=46&t=65156&p=376469#p376469

Supposing hard disk sda and root partition sdaX

Code: Select all: sudo mount /dev/sdaX /mnt

A separate boot partition -sdaW- must be mounted, too:

Code: Select all: sudo mount /dev/sdaW /mnt/boot

A separate home partition -sdaY- must be mounted, too:

Code: Select all: sudo mount /dev/sdaY /mnt/home

Important step:

Code: Select all: sudo mount --bind /dev/ /mnt/dev

To install GRUB"2" into the MBR of hard disk sda:

Code: Select all: sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda

6.2 Partitioning

Run in a Terminal and post the output:
a)

Code: Select all: sudo fdisk -l

l = lowercase "L" like list
and

Code: Select all: sudo parted -l print

b) Partitioning:

Code: Select all: sudo gparted

Important hint concerning partitioning with GParted: You can test GP:
If you don't choose "Apply all operations" and choose "Clear all operations" the changes will not be written to disk.

Reference
http://gparted.sourceforge.net/documentation.php
I highly recommend to use a new version of GP.
PartedMagic has many useful tools as UNetbootin (once used you never will miss it!), TestDisk,...; GParted:
http://partedmagic.com/doku.php
Don't use version 6.4 (bugs)!

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
07 Request
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Please add [solved] to the subject line, if your originally question is answered.
Fitzcarraldo/ Sabayon forum gives the best statement I know at http://forum.sabayon.org/viewtopic.php?f=86&t=17059

Why ... to add "[Solved]" to your post. Please read.
There are several reasons why are we asking you to do this small, simple thing:
1. If a thread has been marked "[Solved]" then forum visitors (especially the moderators and knowledgeable members who try to help others) know they don't need to revisit the thread. This saves valuable time, especially if there are several threads with requests for help.
2. When you use the forum's Search facility to look for a solution to a problem, if one or more of the list of posts has "[Solved]" in the Subject then you can open those posts first and probably find the solution to your problem faster. Otherwise you may spend a lot of time reading posts and threads which leave you none the wiser.
3. By doing this yourself, rather than expecting forum moderators to do it for you, you are being courteous as you give us more time to deal with other forum tasks or trying to help with other requests.
4. Other visitors with the same problem as you may not bother to browse a thread again if they think that the discussion is ongoing but no solution has been found. If they see the thread has been marked "[Solved]" the next time they visit the forum, they know immediately to visit/revisit that thread.
Your cooperation would be appreciated. Thanks.

by **seeley** on Thu Jan 20, 2011 7:06 am

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
09 Network
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

>

Right click on Panel / Icon NetWorkManager / Edit Connections

: ShotNWM.png (65.66 KiB) Viewed 12340 times

No WIRELESS:
Please first see if there are additional drivers avialable (not Windows drivers);
> Icon in Gnome Panel or
> System > Administration or
> System tools

A window "Additional Drivers" may open with a list ->

No proprietary drivers are in use ... LinuxMint cannot fix or improve these drivers.
- ... wireless driver
- ... grahics driver
- ... 3D support
....

Those drivers can be activated by a mouse click.

3G / UMTS USB modem

: ShotBroadband.png (33.89 KiB) Viewed 12340 times

Right click NWM / Connection Information

: ShotWLANKP.png (31.12 KiB) Viewed 12340 times

Example with wireless active (here: eth2):

Code: Select all: ~ $ inxi -N

Code: Select all: Network: Card-1 Realtek RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ driver 8139too Card-2 Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG [Calexico2] Network Connection driver ipw2200

Code: Select all: ~ $sudo iwconfig

Code: Select all: lo no wireless extensions. ... eth2 IEEE 802.11g ESSID:"MyWireless01" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.412 GHz Access Point: 00:1F:8A:90:1F:C6 Bit Rate:54 Mb/s Tx-Power=20 dBm Sensitivity=8/0 Retry limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:B743-...-6F9C Security mode:open Power Management:off Link Quality=86/100 Signal level=-43 dBm Noise level=-87 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:1 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:1

Code: Select all: ~ $ sudo ifconfig

Code: Select all: eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:02:0c:18:d0:d0 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:9 Base address:0xc800 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0e:35:7b:5c:f9 inet addr:192.168.1.53 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20e:35ff:fe6a:5cf9/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:140 errors:1 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:132 errors:0 dropped:20 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:33948 (33.1 KiB) TX bytes:13815 (13.4 KiB) Interrupt:11 Base address:0xc000 Memory:ffdfd000-ffdfdfff ...

PING (Wikipedia):
Ping (packet internet grouper) is a computer network administration utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer.

Code: Select all: ping -c4 forums.linuxmint.com PING forums.linuxmint.com (184.106.181.250) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from forums.linuxmint.com (184.106.181.250): icmp_req=1 ttl=51 time=151 ms --- forums.linuxmint.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 1 received, 75% packet loss, time 3006ms ...

-c4 = count 4 means 4 packages were send

If you got an error message, maybe there is a problem with the nameservers - to find it out

nslookup > query Internet name servers

Code: Select all: nslookup forums.linuxmint.com

Code: Select all: ... Non-authoritative answer: Name: forums.linuxmint.com Address: 184.106.181.250

Then "ping" with the displayed IP address 184.106.181.250 instead of the name forums.linuxmint.com

Code: Select all: ping -c4 184.106.181.250 PING 184.106.181.250 (184.106.181.250) 56(84) bytes of data.

If the first "ping" failed and the second one not, then the nameservers could be wrong or missing.

Code: Select all: cat /etc/resolv.conf

Links [solved]:

1. (Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR5001 Wireless Network Adapter)
LMDE 64 bits: no wireless on Fujitsu AMILO Li 2727

2.
No wireless connection in Mint10

Clue

HP's G60-530CA + wireless card Intel WiFi Link 1000 > All about wireless
See: http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20110328#upcoming

by **seeley** on Fri Jan 21, 2011 5:57 pm

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
10 UNetbootin
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If you have problems burning an image on CD or DVD, you can make a live USB with PartedMagic/ UNetbootin; it's very easy to do and takes significant less time.

: ShotUNa.png (179.88 KiB) Viewed 12283 times

: ShotUNbK.png (49.47 KiB) Viewed 12283 times

: ShotUNc.png (16.85 KiB) Viewed 12283 times

by **seeley** on Sat Jan 22, 2011 3:14 pm

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
11 Windows / chainload
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

After having installed a Dualboot Windows (first) - Mint (second) a GRUB"2" menu is displayed, but you can't start Windows.

When the menu appears, type

Code: Select all: c

(BTW: Notice the Grub version!)
You see:

Code: Select all: grub>_

Type

Code: Select all: chainloader (hd0, <tab>

(<tab> means: hit the tab key.)
You see - I hope - a list of partitions; search the one with Windows on it, it could be Partition hd0,msdos1
you should see

Code: Select all: chainloader (hd0,msdos

If it is msdos1, complete the command: (with the number you found - here as example, I use "1")

Code: Select all: chainloader (hd0,msdos1)+1

(the second "1" must be "1" in any case!)
You see again:

Code: Select all: grub> _

Type

Code: Select all: boot

and hope, that your Windows will start!

by **seeley** on Sun Jan 23, 2011 1:30 pm

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
12 Integrity of a live CD / DVD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

On a Sabayon Forum I've found this useful hint to check a burned CD / DVD:
http://wiki.sabayon.org/index.php?title=HOWTO:_Checking_the_integrity_of_a_LiveCD_or_LiveDVD

Supposing you are able to boot from hd to an installed Linux!

I tested it with my LMDE 32 bit live DVD (201101):

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ isoinfo -d -i /dev/cdrom

->

Code: Select all: CD-ROM is in ISO 9660 format System id: LINUX Volume id: Linux Mint Debian 32-bit Volume set id: Publisher id: Data preparer id: Application id: GENISOIMAGE ISO 9660/HFS FILESYSTEM CREATOR (C) 1993 E.YOUNGDALE (C) 1997-2006 J.PEARSON/J.SCHILLING (C) 2006-2007 CDRKIT TEAM Copyright File id: Abstract File id: Bibliographic File id: Volume set size is: 1 Volume set sequence number is: 1 Logical block size is: 2048 Volume size is: 504856 El Torito VD version 1 found, boot catalog is in sector 36 Joliet with UCS level 3 found Rock Ridge signatures version 1 found Eltorito validation header: Hid 1 Arch 0 (x86) ID '' Key 55 AA Eltorito defaultboot header: Bootid 88 (bootable) Boot media 0 (No Emulation Boot) Load segment 0 Sys type 0 Nsect 4 Bootoff 25 37

The two relevant lines are:

Logical block size is: 2048
Volume size is: 504856

Insert these two numbers: bs=2048 and count=504856
->

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ dd if=/dev/cdrom bs=2048 count=504856 conv=notrunc,noerror | md5sum

Code: Select all: 504856+0 records in 504856+0 records out 1033945088 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 186.488 s, 5.5 MB/s daeabb182b016cd62bfced5483441b5a -

and compare the output with the md5sum of Linux Mint Debian 32-bit (201101) DVD 1 GB from
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=66
MATCH!
Thus the burning was okay. If it does not match the md5sum published on the mirror then you need to burn another CD / DVD.

by **seeley** on Mon Jan 24, 2011 11:47 am

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
13 Backup boot loader
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1. Saving on working directory (running Mint)

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ pwd

< print working directory >

Code: Select all: /home/seeley

To copy the 446 Bytes to the file BackupBootloader in the working directory:

Code: Select all: sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=BackupBootloader bs=446 count=1

password

Code: Select all: 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.0001598 s, 2.8 MB/s

To see the result:

Code: Select all: ls -l

Code: Select all: total 6 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 446 2011-01-24 16:40 BackupBootloader ...

2. Saving on USB flash

Supposing an USB flash drive is (auto) mounted - here: SANDISK2 (labelled with GParted)

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ cd /media seeley@seeley-laptop /media $ ls -l drwx------ 9 seeley seeley 32768 Jan 1 1970 SANDISK2 seeley@seeley-laptop /media $ cd SANDISK2

Using the same "dd" command:

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop /media/SANDISK2 $ sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=BackupBootloader bs=446 count=1 [sudo] password for seeley: 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.00477407 s, 93.4 kB/s seeley@seeley-laptop /media/SANDISK2 $ ls -l total 1722432 -rw-r--r-- 1 seeley seeley 446 Aug 14 12:28 BackupBootloader

--------------------------------------------------------------
I did not test copying back the backup file!
--------------------------------------------------------------

by **seeley** on Tue Jan 25, 2011 7:43 am

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14 Explanation of a specific partitioning
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Illustration of a Disk Partitioning using an example of a multiboot system

No guideline how to partition - only exemplification of terms!

On my old laptop - Windows XP preinstalled - I first was shrinking the system partition - with GParted live.
Over the years I made more than 20 changes; that's why the partitions are not in disk order - as you see by running

Code: Select all: sudo fdisk -l

/ shows cylinders / or

Code: Select all: sudo fdisk -lu

/ shows sectors:

Code: Select all: Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb635b635 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 77995574 38997756 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 77995575 89498114 5751270 83 Linux /dev/sda3 96904141 156295167 29695513+ 5 Extended /dev/sda4 89498115 96904079 3702982+ b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda5 96904143 99088919 1092388+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 130415733 140825789 5205028+ 83 Linux /dev/sda7 140825853 143894204 1534176 83 Linux /dev/sda8 * 99088983 107474849 4192933+ 83 Linux /dev/sda9 107474913 111667814 2096451 83 Linux /dev/sda10 111667878 127315124 7823623+ 83 Linux /dev/sda11 127315188 130415669 1550241 83 Linux /dev/sda12 143896576 156295167 6199296 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order

You see 4 primary partitions, /dev/sda1,..,4; one of them, /dev/sda3, is an extended partition as container for 8 logical partitions /dev/sda5,......,12.
The unallocated space can be ignored.

Gnome partition editor:

: Screenshot, finished with KolourPaint - /works with KDE and Gnome; ScreenGP_KP.png (75.1 KiB) Viewed 12120 times

The boot flag of Fedora is of no relevance - I could remove it without consequence.
But maybe - depending on BIOS - it's needed on another computer or another distribution.

Code: Select all: sudo parted -l print

shows the partitions in the right order (see GP screenshot, too)

Code: Select all: Model: ATA FUJITSU MHT2080A (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 80.0GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 39.9GB 39.9GB primary ntfs 2 39.9GB 45.8GB 5889MB primary ext4 4 45.8GB 49.6GB 3792MB primary fat32 3 49.6GB 80.0GB 30.4GB extended 5 49.6GB 50.7GB 1119MB logical linux-swap(v1) 8 50.7GB 55.0GB 4294MB logical ext4 boot 9 55.0GB 57.2GB 2147MB logical ext4 10 57.2GB 65.2GB 8011MB logical ext4 11 65.2GB 66.8GB 1587MB logical ext4 6 66.8GB 72.1GB 5330MB logical ext4 7 72.1GB 73.7GB 1571MB logical ext4 12 73.7GB 80.0GB 6348MB logical ext4

There are 5 operating systems ( Windows XP and 4 x Linux), a multiboot with XP - Test Distri - Fedora - Julia - LMDE;
Test Distri was Isadora (all Desktops), now Julia Gnome, later on will be Julia KDE.
Each Linux has an own "/home" and they all are labeled - to better recognize them.
The Mount Point "/" shows that I was running Mint on sda2 with it's /home (sda10) and Data exchange partition XP - Mint (sda4), mounted as /media/DATA - I was choosing "/media" to see an ICON on Desktop Gnome.

Manual GParted:
http://manual.aptosid.com/en/part-gparted-en.htm

by **seeley** on Tue Feb 01, 2011 3:34 pm

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
15 Start Mint from command line
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Lack of GRUB"2" Menu > how to start Mint from the command line

If there is no Grub2 menu after booting, but only:

Code: Select all: grub>_

you can start Mint as follows, if grub.cfg is correct:

Code: Select all: set root=(hdX,Y)

Code: Select all: linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sdXY ro

Code: Select all: initrd /initrd.img

Code: Select all: boot

Example: no own boot partition, rootMint on hard disk /dev/sda in the logical partition /dev/sda12 and GRUB"2" in the MBR of /dev/sda

Code: Select all: set root=(hd0,msdos12)

Code: Select all: linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda12 ro

Code: Select all: initrd /initrd.img

Code: Select all: boot

by **seeley** on Tue Mar 29, 2011 1:15 pm

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
16 Swap
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

16.1 Partition

How to verify if swap is active:

: ShotMonitor.png (41.27 KiB) Viewed 9812 times

: ShotSwap.png (36.39 KiB) Viewed 9812 times

If you have a problem with your swap partition check the following:

Code: Select all: seeley-laptop ~ # free

Code: Select all: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 514516 414012 100504 0 23560 257284 -/+ buffers/cache: 133168 381348 Swap: 1092380 0 1092380

Code: Select all: seeley-laptop ~ # blkid

Code: Select all: ... /dev/sda5: UUID="85647e08-96d1-4796-9105-1bf5a49c0905" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda6: UUID="97ba1a41-1039-4b0e-84ba-1610a5d1847c" TYPE="ext4" LABEL="rootLMDE" ...

Swap partion is /dev/sda5

Code: Select all: seeley-laptop ~ # cat /etc/fstab

Code: Select all: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. ... # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 ... # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=f5355ad1-6de9-497b-a8d4-e2abe7336d4d none swap sw 0 0 ...

Swap UUID from "blkid": 85647e08-96d1-4796-9105-1bf5a49c0905
and
swap UUID in /etc/fstab: f5355ad1-6de9-497b-a8d4-e2abe7336d4d
differ, so I had to edit /etc/fstab as root:

Code: Select all: seeley-laptop ~ # gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

Code: Select all: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. ... # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 ... # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation # comment out 24/012011 # UUID=f5355ad1-6de9-497b-a8d4-e2abe7336d4d none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sda5 swap swap sw 0 0 ...

16.2 File

Creating a swap file:
http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20110117#qa

------------------------------------------------
I did not test creating a swap file.
------------------------------------------------

16.3 Suspend to disk

First check RAM size against swap size!
RAM size must be at least as high as swap size!

by **Habitual** on Tue Mar 29, 2011 1:40 pm

This post should be a sticky in EVERY category that elicits help.

by **seeley** on Wed Mar 30, 2011 8:05 am

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
17 PartedMagic
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

: Screen after having a graphic board problem; ScreenshotPM1.png (459.9 KiB) Viewed 9781 times

: Tools: ICONS added to Desktop; ScreenshotPM2.png (391.26 KiB) Viewed 9781 times

TOOLS such as

Partition Editor GParted > chapter 18
UNetbootin can create live USB > chapter 10
Editor Leafpad
Terminal LXTerminal
CD/ DVD burning SimpleBurn

by **seeley** on Wed Mar 30, 2011 2:26 pm

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
18 GParted
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

GParted 0.8.0-5

: First Screen; ScreenshotGPa.png (359.55 KiB) Viewed 9702 times

: Select keymap; ScreenshotGPb.png (375.93 KiB) Viewed 9702 times

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GParted---------------Edit-------------------------View-----------------------Device------------------------Partition--------Help------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Refresh Devices......Undo last operation......Device Information......Create Partition Table......New..................Contents
Devices.....................Clear all operations......Pending Operations....Attempt Data Rescue.......Delete..............About......
Quit............................Apply all operations......File System Support.................................................Resize/ Move..................
...................................................................................................................................................................Copy.................................
...................................................................................................................................................................Paste................................
...................................................................................................................................................................Format to.........................
...................................................................................................................................................................Unmount.........................
...................................................................................................................................................................Manage Flags...............
...................................................................................................................................................................Check..............................
...................................................................................................................................................................Label...............................
...................................................................................................................................................................Information.....................

: GP / Partition / Format to; ScreenshotGPc.png (408.18 KiB) Viewed 9702 times

by **seeley** on Tue Apr 05, 2011 12:40 pm

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
19 "dd"
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Create a live USB using a Terminal

Set the boot flag, e.g. with Gparted, format to fat32.

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/*usb*

Code: Select all: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2011-04-03 19:14 /dev/disk/by-id/usb-JetFlash_4GB-0:0 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2011-04-03 19:14 /dev/disk/by-id/usb-JetFlash_4GB-0:0-part1 -> ../../sdb1

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ umount /dev/sdb1

Code: Select all: umount: /dev/sdb1 is not mounted (according to mtab)

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ pwd

- print working directory -

Code: Select all: /home/seeley

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ cd Downloads

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ sudo dd if=linuxmint-10-gnome-dvd-i386.iso of=/dev/sdb1 bs=4M;sync

Code: Select all: [sudo] password for seeley: 207+1 records in 207+1 records out 872052736 bytes (872 MB) copied, 288.647 s, 3.0 MB/s

by **AlbertP** on Wed Apr 20, 2011 1:58 pm

The link to Revo in the dual-boot help is dead, here is a newer link: http://www.revouninstaller.com/start_fr ... nload.html

by **seeley** on Thu May 19, 2011 9:43 am

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
20 Move home
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Successfully tested on Julia, openSUSE and Katya

Concept: German Wiki/ Ubuntuusers.de -> http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Home_umziehen

Demands experience!

20.1 Preliminary work

All too often - especially having only one partition, "/", for Mint - the storage space is undersized.
One possible way out is to remove personal data to an extra partition.
Assuming that your /home is within /, an own home partition does not exist.
Target: Moving your home folder to it's own partition / Copy personal data to an extra partition.

If you are familiar with Terminal, GParted, Editors, Text editors please go to 20.2

Pro own home partition:
If Mint crahes, reinstalling will not delete your personal data and settings, if you mount your home partition at "/home" when reinstalling.

Initial situation: Mint on /dev/sda2 (root partition), no own home partition (Julia Gnome respectively Katya)

Booting to Mint

Verification "no own home partition":

Code: Select all: mount

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ mount /dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) ...

/dev/sda2 on / and no sdaX on /home -> Only one partition for Mint

Running GParted

After having started Mint Julia/GP LinuxMint Debian/GP respectively you see, if you have an own home partition (Mint Julia: no, LMDE: yes)

: ShotGP_J_DE.png (23.87 KiB) Viewed 8585 times

BTW (If GP is not installed):

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-katya ~ $ gparted The program 'gparted' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing: sudo apt-get install gparted

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-katya ~ $ sudo apt-get install gparted [sudo] password for seeley: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Suggested packages: reiser4progs kpartx The following NEW packages will be installed: gparted 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 41 not upgraded. Need to get 499 kB of archives. After this operation, 1,671 kB of additional disk space will be used ...

Precondition: Familiarize yourself with
> Terminal
> Editors such as gedit (Gnome) or leafpad (PartedMagic)
> Text editor nano or vim (vim is an extended version of the text editor vi)

Take notice of case sensitivity, space, /, "

T E R M I N A L

Creating a test file with the editor gedit:

Code: Select all: gksudo gedit /etc/test

#file /etc/test
#UUID=123... vi
#UUID=456... nano

save

Text editors nano or vi:

Code: Select all: sudo nano /etc/test

del "#"

To save: CTR + O

: Deleting "#" in the last line of /etc/test; ScreenshotNano.png (25.63 KiB) Viewed 8585 times

Or

Code: Select all: sudo vi /etc/test

| not digit 1, not character l
del "#"

To save: ZZ

Ctrl Alt F1
Back to Desktop:
Ctrl Alt F7

Backup /home

by **seeley** on Thu May 19, 2011 3:00 pm

20.2

On Mint Desktop:

To determine the size of the home folder:

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ du -sh /home 1.1G /home

Note: Testing => Only 1.1 GB

GParted live

Suggestion: PartedMagic/GP 0.8 or GP 0.8

Create a partition (suggestion: ext4) with GParted live
Size must be at least 1.1 GB

If you have questions concerning partitioning please first open a thread (e.g. "GParted: creating a new partition"),
attaching a screenshot of GParted.

Back on Mint Desktop:

To see all partitions:

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-seeley-laptop ~ $ sudo blkid [sudo] password for seeley: /dev/sda1: LABEL="System" UUID="B6C411C6C4118A2F" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda2: LABEL="Mint" UUID="9867db83-3638-4175-85de-1a759017e94f" TYPE="ext4" ... /dev/sda13: LABEL="newHome" UUID="fd5690ab-737c-40e1-96ea-07cb1beefa25" TYPE="ext4"

Code: Select all: gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

Code: Select all: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. ... # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda2 during installation UUID=9867db83-3638-4175-85de-1a759017e94f / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=85647e08-96d1-4796-9105-1bf5a49c0905 none swap sw 0 0

add the following lines with the UUID you get from "blkid" (without quotation marks!)

Code: Select all: # Date <here: 05/19/2011> newHome /dev/sda13 added #UUID=fd5690ab-737c-40e1-96ea-07cb1beefa25 /home ext4 defaults 0 2

save

Log off from graphical user interface (Gnome) and sign on with
Ctrl + Alt + F1
to a
Text-only interface
- logging on with username and password

The following commands need administrator (root) rights

Code: Select all: sudo -s

: Getting administrator rights; ShotPWk.png (121.14 KiB) Viewed 8585 times

Change directory

Code: Select all: cd /

sdXY: new home partition
e.g. X = device a, Y = partition 13 -> sda13 newHome

Code: Select all: mkdir /mnt/tmp

Code: Select all: mount /dev/sda13 /mnt/tmp

Replace sda13 with your new home partition

Copy and verify data (needs time - depending on the size of home!)

Code: Select all: rsync -avx --progress /home/ /mnt/tmp

: Display: Copying files; ScreenshotCp.png (122.24 KiB) Viewed 8569 times

Code: Select all: mount /dev/sda13 /home

Check:

Code: Select all: du -sh /home; mount|grep /home

OUTPUT:

Code: Select all: /dev/sda13 on /home type ext4 (rw)

Important step!

nano or vi

to delete "#" in the last line of /etc/fstab

e.g.

Code: Select all: nano /etc/fstab

save

Code: Select all: umount /home

Delete the files in the old home folder:

Code: Select all: rm -rf /home/*

Code: Select all: reboot

Back on Desktop

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ mount /dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) ... /dev/sda13 on /home type ext4 (rw,commit=0)

and

: GP after having moved home to it's own partition; ScreenshotGP_a2_a13k.png (16.28 KiB) Viewed 8585 times

by **seeley** on Mon Jul 25, 2011 1:01 pm

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
21 SystemRescue USB
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Situation: Computer without CD/ DVD drive.
Necessity to create a live USB flash with Linux tools (e.g. GParted) in Windows, here:
SystemRescueCd

for administrating or repairing your system and data after a crash. It aims to provide an easy way to carry out admin tasks on your computer, such as creating and editing the hard disk partitions

see: http://www.sysresccd.org/Main_Page

http://www.sysresccd.org/Sysresccd-manual-en_How_to_install_SystemRescueCd_on_an_USB-stick
See Manual
A) Recommended USB installation method from Linux
B) Recommended USB installation method from Windows

21.1 USB installation method from Windows

Download SystemRescueCd-x86-2.2.1.iso (324 MiB)
Save downloaded file, e.g. in C:/Downloads.

To check if the file is not corrupted, download a free Program to check md5sum:
Download WinMD5Free: http://www.winmd5.com/
Unzip WinMD5Free.zip: right click on the file and choose apllication, e.g. 7-zip, to unzip the file.
Run WinMD5
Check md5sum
a) WinMD5 itself
compare with md5sum WinMD5Free.exe
b) SystemRescue 2.2.1

: Compute MD5 checksum; W7SysResc1.png (47.93 KiB) Viewed 7666 times

: Compare checksums; W7SysResc2.PNG (60.83 KiB) Viewed 7666 times

USB-stick
Windows Explorer (Panel): right click (Admin)
Format as FAT32

Download sysresccd-installer-1.1.2.exe (1.2 MB).

Systemrescue installer: right click - running as Admin
Important! If you don't do that, you can't boot from your USB (I've tested that!)!

: SystemRescue USB installer; W7SysResc3.PNG (50.33 KiB) Viewed 7666 times

by **seeley** on Fri Aug 12, 2011 6:37 am

21.2 USB installation method from Linux

Starting from Desktop LMDE (kernel 2.6.39-1.dmz.2-liquorix-amd64):

Download SystemRescueCD.iso; supposing: saved to folder Downloads.
Check md5sum:

Code: Select all: seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ cd Downloads seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ md5sum systemrescuecd-x86-2.3.0.iso af035a819f1e0fe3e38c0cfdd83f66a1 systemrescuecd-x86-2.3.0.iso

MATCH!
Plug in the USB stick.

Mount the image and execute the installer

: Terminal: mount and execute; Shot1.png (34.23 KiB) Viewed 7442 times

Maybe you have to umount the USB stick before executing the script:

Trying "bash ./usb_inst.sh" ->

Device [/dev/sdb] detected as [JetFlash Transcend 4GB ] is removable and size=3864MB
* Device [/dev/sdb] is mounted: cannot use it
All valid USB/Removable devices are currently mounted, unmount these devices first

My Transcend USB contained (and contains) a primary fat32 partition /dev/sdb1, and a boot flag was set (with GParted), so

Code: Select all: seeley-laptop cdrom # umount /dev/sdb umount: /dev/sdb: not mounted seeley-laptop cdrom # umount /dev/sdb1

After having executed the script you see a list of USB sticks;
click in the field " [ ]" in front of the right stick

: Select USB device; Shot2.png (13.8 KiB) Viewed 7442 times

: Installation on /dev/sdb; Shot3.png (25.61 KiB) Viewed 7442 times

After a few minutes:

Success Installation successfully completed

21.3 System Rescue

Please see screenshots:
http://www.sysresccd.org/Screenshots
and online manual!

Xfce4 panel 4.8.3
Tools: GParted 0.9,...

BTW: My WLAN immediately was detected!

by **seeley** on Sat Aug 13, 2011 5:43 am

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
22 Bluetooth
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Please first make sure that you really have BT.

As I learned to know: some computers have a BT button, but no BT adapter; see:
Aspire 1810TZ

KDE:

i) The BT adapter is not visible

: BT adapter hidden -> visible; shotBT1.png (48.58 KiB) Viewed 7399 times

If you can't connect:

As root:

Code: Select all: mint mint # hcitool scan Scanning ... 00:07:61:BA:93:38 Bluetooth Laser Travel Mouse 00:16:B8:90:25:AF Phone mint mint # hidd --connect 00:07:61:BA:93:38 The program 'hidd' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing: apt-get install bluez-compat

After having installed the package:

Code: Select all: mint mint # hidd --connect 00:07:61:BA:93:38 mint mint #

Success!

ii) BT adapter is not recognized

Maybe you need to switch from the HID mode into the HCI mode,
but the command "hid2hci" is not available in all distris -> See

Code: Select all: man hid2hci

If available, you must find out the Hexcode of the vendor and the product
(on a Linux with working BT or in the net)

Part of my Terminal output (Dell notebook):

Code: Select all: seeley-laptop seeley # lsusb Bus 003 Device 002: ID 0a5c:4500 Broadcom Corp. BCM2046B1 USB 2.0 Hub (part of BCM2046 Bluetooth) Bus 003 Device 003: ID 413c:8157 Dell Computer Corp. Integrated Keyboard Bus 003 Device 004: ID 413c:8158 Dell Computer Corp. Integrated Touchpad / Trackstick Bus 003 Device 005: ID 413c:8156 Dell Computer Corp. Wireless 370 Bluetooth Mini-card

-> Hexcodes: 413c and 8156

So:

Code: Select all: hid2hci --method=dell --vendor=413c --product=8156 Attempting to switch device 413c:8156 to HCI mode was successful

Bluetooth not working on laptop (Toshiba M100):
viewtopic.php?f=141&t=56621

by **seeley** on Thu May 24, 2012 5:55 am

1.
KDE Partition Manager 1.0.3: Booting from a live USB created with PartedMagic/ UNetbootin now works.
2.
BT now works on Maya MATE:
http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=206&t=102417
3.
At the moment, I'm testing the new Mint Distributions; my main OS is Isadora Gnome 64 bit (Isadora KDE 64 bit works fine too).

My new notebook,Dell Precision M 4400, had/ has a problem with the following Mint editions,
especially Maya 64 bit Cinnamon and LMDE Cinnamon: slow.

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