Well, assuming the post on Ubuntu Forums is the solution for you, below is it step-by-step so you should be able to do these actions. This is for Gnome, please share if you are using another desktop as you need slightly different commands to edit the files then.
Step 1) First bootHold shift during boot to show the GRUB boot menu, if that isn't already shown by default. Press 'e' to edit the boot parameters, and then scroll down to the line that starts with "linux". On this line, replace the "quiet splash" with "acpi_osi=Linux" (without the quotes) and continue to boot. Once at the login screen, you should now be able to use the brightness keys on your keyboard to increase the backlight.
Alternative: if for some reason the above doesn't get you to be able to increase the brightness, instead of adding "acpi_osi=Linux" to the boot parameters, try "acpi_osi=Linux i915.broken=1" (without the quotes).
Step 2) Make boot parameters permanentIf you were able to boot and increase the brightness, the additional boot parameters you used need to be made permanent. To do this, open a terminal (from the Menu > Terminal) and run the following command:
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gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub
You will be asked by a pop-up dialog to enter your password, do so to continue. Now find the line that starts with
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT= and add the boot parameters you needed to it. So assuming "acpi_osi=Linux" was only needed, and the line reads:
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
Change it to read:
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi=Linux"
Done. Save & close the file, then run the following command to commit these changes:
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sudo update-grub2
You will probably be asked for your password again; note that the cursor doesn't move and no characters appear on the screen while you type. Just type your password and press enter to continue.
Step 3) Automatically set the brightnessAfter step 2, reboot once to see that it works. If you still need to use the brightness key to increase the brightness, because the screen is still dim, proceed with this step. If however the brightness is fine after the reboot,
skip this step 3 and you are done.
Open a terminal and run the command:
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gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local
Scroll down to the end of the file, and
before the last line that reads "exit 0" insert the following line:
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setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=00
Save & close the file. On next reboot this should set the brightness to maximum automatically.