Bash itself does not have a GUI.
You can use a simple
notify-send notification. ( Mostly used in bash )
for example
https://www.baeldung.com/linux/script-gui-notification
There is also mention about
zenity
These are the simplest programs and they don't have window formatting options.
You can try create something more advanced and run in bash.
I don't know if this link is appropriate
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Desktop_notifications
In theory, the notification is usually a window which is sensitive to clicking with no frame or buttons.
So usually no additional library required - only lib for GUI
Edited.
You can also check the source code of the program as it is built. You can also see how plugins for your desktop environment are built.
But plugins are usually not portable between different desktop environments.
Maybe I seen an example in this forum for Cinnamon, you can try search.
Edited
Interesting links:
1. " Writing a simple task Applet for Cinnamon Desktop "
https://benjuan26.com/blog/writing-a-si ... n-desktop/
2. " GNOME applications in JavaScript "
viewtopic.php?p=1820801#p1820801
3. Desktop Notifications Specification
https://specifications.freedesktop.org/ ... ec/latest/