Thanks for that further suggestion.... but I fear that the situation is beyond recovery. Having followed the steps suggested by scjet45, it looks as if absolutely everything which might have been on that USB stick has been wiped or removed, including any remaining partition-table information and the MBR.
So the USB drive simply doesn't appear AT ALL now in either Disks, or in GParted. If I can't "see" it, I can't do anything to it.
I also tried
sudo fdisk -l
in the terminal. The USB drive wasn't found there either. It seems to be completely invisible now. So - with thanks for all the ideas - I think I must finally give up.