Linux Mint Gnome

[Termy]

I'm sure this has already been said, but I think you're better off installing Ubuntu with Gnome. I'd say there aren't too many differences a casual user would observe. My favorite feature of Mint that I miss from time to time is the ease of downloading and installing new themes. Before trying any big changes like this, I recommend backing things up; it makes life much easier when you want to experiment.

I actually never knew Mint didn't support Gnome. I'm so used to seeing Gnome on many distributions, but why not on Mint?

I'd be amused to take a stab at what you did, but my German's rusty and I don't have the willpower to sit through that video trying to follow what he's saying. xD I'm guessing he added some special Ubuntu repositories, or perhaps the official Gnome repositories, then installed Gnome that way. I'm guessing it didn't work because of missing packages Gnome expects, and I see a file manager was mentioned, which certainly makes sense. Sometimes the file manager doesn't take care of the desktop though, such as the case with XFCE, wherein xfdesktop and thunar run independently.

I'm an Ubuntu 16.04.3 setup, albeit heavily customized, so here is something that might help you track down any missing dependencies. This is a list of dependencies for ubuntu-gnome-desktop, gathered using apt-cache:

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adwaita-icon-theme-full
alsa-base
alsa-utils
anacron
at-spi2-core
baobab
bc
brasero
ca-certificates
chrome-gnome-shell
dconf-editor
eog
evince
file-roller
fonts-cantarell
fonts-dejavu-core
fonts-freefont-ttf
foomatic-db-compressed-ppds
gcr
gdm3
gedit
genisoimage
ghostscript-x
gjs
gnome-backgrounds
gnome-calculator
gnome-color-manager
gnome-contacts
gnome-control-center
gnome-disk-utility
gnome-documents
gnome-font-viewer
gnome-keyring
gnome-logs
gnome-menus
gnome-online-accounts
gnome-screenshot
gnome-session
gnome-session-canberra
gnome-settings-daemon
gnome-shell
gnome-shell-extensions
gnome-sushi
gnome-system-monitor
gnome-terminal
gnome-themes-standard
gnome-tweak-tool
gnome-user-share
gnome-video-effects
gsettings-desktop-schemas
gstreamer1.0-alsa
gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio
gucharmap
gvfs-bin
inputattach
itstool
libatk-adaptor
libnotify-bin
libnss-myhostname
libsasl2-modules
memtest86+
mutter
nautilus
nautilus-sendto
network-manager
openprinting-ppds
printer-driver-pnm2ppa
pulseaudio
rfkill
seahorse
simple-scan
software-properties-gtk
ssh-askpass-gnome
system-config-printer-gnome
tracker
ubuntu-drivers-common
ubuntu-gnome-default-settings
ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk
unzip
update-manager
update-notifier
vino
wireless-tools
wpasupplicant
xdg-user-dirs
xdg-user-dirs-gtk
xdiagnose
xkb-data
xorg
yelp
yelp-tools
yelp-xsl
zenity
zip
zsync

There are also various recommended packages:

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a11y-profile-manager
acpi-support
aisleriot
app-install-data-partner
apport-gtk
avahi-autoipd
avahi-daemon
bluez
bluez-cups
brltty
cheese
cups
cups-bsd
cups-client
cups-filters
deja-dup
deja-dup-backend-cloudfiles
deja-dup-backend-s3
empathy
evolution
firefox
fonts-guru
fonts-kacst-one
fonts-khmeros-core
fonts-lao
fonts-liberation
fonts-lklug-sinhala
fonts-nanum
fonts-noto-cjk
fonts-sil-abyssinica
fonts-sil-padauk
fonts-takao-pgothic
fonts-thai-tlwg
fonts-tibetan-machine
fwupd
fwupdate
fwupdate-signed
gcc
gnome-accessibility-profiles
gnome-accessibility-themes
gnome-bluetooth
gnome-calendar
gnome-getting-started-docs
gnome-mahjongg
gnome-maps
gnome-mines
gnome-music
gnome-orca
gnome-photos
gnome-software
gnome-sudoku
gnome-weather
gvfs-fuse
hplip
ibus
ibus-gtk
ibus-gtk3
ibus-pinyin
ibus-table
kerneloops-daemon
laptop-detect
libgail-common
libnss-mdns
libpam-gnome-keyring
libproxy1-plugin-gsettings
libproxy1-plugin-networkmanager
libreoffice-calc
libreoffice-gnome
libreoffice-impress
libreoffice-math
libreoffice-ogltrans
libreoffice-pdfimport
libreoffice-style-tango
libreoffice-writer
libwmf0.2-7-gtk
make
mcp-account-manager-goa
mousetweaks
nautilus-share
network-manager-pptp
network-manager-pptp-gnome
numix-gtk-theme
pcmciautils
plymouth-theme-ubuntu-gnome-logo
plymouth-theme-ubuntu-gnome-text
policykit-desktop-privileges
ppa-purge
printer-driver-brlaser
printer-driver-c2esp
printer-driver-foo2zjs
printer-driver-min12xxw
printer-driver-ptouch
printer-driver-pxljr
printer-driver-sag-gdi
printer-driver-splix
pulseaudio-module-bluetooth
pulseaudio-module-x11
python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat
rhythmbox
rhythmbox-plugin-magnatune
snapd
speech-dispatcher
telepathy-idle
totem
transmission-gtk
ttf-ancient-fonts-symbola
ttf-ubuntu-font-family
ubuntu-gnome-wallpapers
usb-creator-gtk
whoopsie
xdg-utils
xserver-xorg-legacy
xterm
xul-ext-ubufox

You can cross-check, to see which ones are missing. Just paste in one of the lists above in place of the PASTEHERE below:

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LIST=(PASTEHERE

You should see a long list of items with something like > before each one. Now close up the list and process it with the following:

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); for PKG in ${LIST[@]}; { dpkg -l "$PKG" |& grep -q "^ii " || echo "MISSING: $PKG"; }

Still, install them at your own peril -- I dunno if that list would even be reliable after whatever that video told you to do, plus Mint is different. I'd take this chance to back up your files, if you can, then as suggested, reinstall. Best of luck.