Linux mint 18.3 terminal problem(हिन्दी){Solved}

[umesh india]

Hindi is looking right on the whole system but does not look right on the terminal. What is the reason that Hindi is not showing right on the terminal, please solve the problem.

[karlchen]

Hello, Umesh.

As I do not read Hindi at all, I may not be the best person to offer help on making a terminal window display Hindi characters correctly.
But maybe achieving your goal is as simple as installing the konsole X terminal emulator. Cf. here, please: The terminal does not display Devanagri scripts (Hindi, Nepali, etc.) properly

Best regards,
Karl

[umesh india]

Hindi is not even right after installing console

[phd21]

Hi "umesh india",

I just read your post and the good replies to it. Here are my thoughts on this as well.

How To Type In Indian Languages On Ubuntu Linux
https://itsfoss.com/type-indian-languages-ubuntu/

Linux: Define Locale and Language Settings - ShellHacks
https://www.shellhacks.com/linux-define ... -settings/

How do I install Hindi font for Ubuntu terminal? - Quora
https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-install- ... u-terminal

May have to logout and log back in, or restart, for changes to work.

Hope this helps ...

[Miejer_Alied]

Hi, Umesh India.
Would you please elucidate a bit as for what do you mean by "Hindi is not right"??

I can think (more like presuming) of only two problems, that may apply to your case, here.

Firstly, Incorrect Font Rendering, which can be fixed easily by installing proper fonts; I recommend Lohit-Devanagari fonts.
Herein is a link for the latest release, https://pagure.io/lohit.
>>.tar.gz file under the heading of Current/Stable releases<<

Or you can try the latest noto fonts from here, https://www.google.com/get/noto/.
>>Type into search bar 'Devanagari' & download the .zip file, sans or serif whichever you want.<<

Both Lohit & Noto being actively developed, provide maximum number of conjuncts, consonant clusters and vowel ligatures in use. Though both lack in supporting even 20% of all possible combinations; considering that even two letters (among 54 total alphabets) can produce a minimum of 1369 ligatures.

Secondly, Untranslated English strings
If this is the case, then let me assure you that by this year's end Linux Mint will be 100% localised into Hindi_INDIA.

Off-topic rant : -

The scenario regarding Hindi localisation in Open Source is pretty pathetic; which is surprising also, considering that about
1.5 Billion People speak HINDI worldwide, if you add up Urdu[same words, different script] too. This is what got me into translating Open-source projects a month ago.

After the Feb mid-semester break, I thought about contributing translations to Linux projects, first being Linux Mint. So, I headed over to launchpad & was greeted by the appalling quality of translations there. I resolutely began to work upon them right away, translating and reviewing about 2000+ strings (it's a work in progress, currently 40% done). Before another word, I would like to thanks all people who have contributed in improving Hindi translations, but extremely sorry to say, the overall result still is a half-baked attempt. Complete disregard for grammatical accuracy and upon this, totally out-of-context terms & a ton of misspelled strings, rendering the translated string pretty illegible.

Since March'18, I've translated [KaOS], [Solus] to 100%.
[Antergos] 92% and [Octopi] 97%, almost single-handedly.
Plus, I've signed up for Pale Moon, openSUSE, Xfce, antiX/MX Linux, Qbittorrent, VLC, KDE also, upon the completion of these projects further projects would be collaborated on. I'm thinking about FreeBSD too.

I don't have much right time at present, doing my Bachelors in Automotive Electronics currently. I regularly contribute about two hours to this task & about 6 hrs on weekends. But, I sincerely intend to complete the localisation of Hindi_INDIA to 100% for as much projects as possible.
>>My motivation :: I believe I can bring a change!<<

Thanks for Reading!!

[Miejer_Alied]

BTW, उमेश, feel free to post in Hindi.

After going through the usernames members list, I can mostly definitely say that there can be about 200+ Hindi speakers here at the forum.

[umesh india]

हर विधि अपनाकर देख लिया असफलता ही मिली।

[jerson]

Hi, Umesh India.
Would you please elucidate a bit as for what do you mean by "Hindi is not right"??

I tested to see what Umesh is referring to.

Typing HI using the Hindi keyboard, general GUI implementations show correctly हि whereas the terminal implementation shows ह ि ..

[umesh india]

जब मैं टर्मिनल पर हिन्दी टाइप करता हूँ तो दिखती है "ह िन् द ी"। बाकी पूरे सिस्टम पर हिन्दी सही दिखाई देती है केवल टर्मिनल पर हिन्दी सही नही दिखाई पडती। konsole X terminal emulator को इन्स्टाल कर के देखा, फान्ट बदल कर देखा लेकिन कोई फायदा नही हुआ।

[Miejer_Alied]

नमस्कार, उमेश!

कृपया सुनिश्चित करें कि टर्मिनल के Terminal>> Set Character Encoding में Unicode(UTF-8) चयनित है, और 'Languages' अनुप्रयोग द्वारा जाँचें कि सिस्टम की भाषा Hindi_IN UTF-8 ही चयनित है।

अगर ये चयनित नहीं है, तो इन्हें चुनकर एक बार पुनः लॉगिन करके देखें।

यह शायद गलत encoding की ही समस्या है।

[umesh india]

महोदय जी
अभी भी टर्मिनल पर हिन्दी "ह िन् द ी" नजर आ रही है।

[Miejer_Alied]

\
उमेश, भाई, मैंने इंटरनेट पर इस बारे में और ढूँढा, और पाया कि यह समस्या टर्मिनल की है। gnome-terminal देवनागरी मुद्रलिपि व अन्य भारतीय भाषाओं को सही एनकोड करने में पूर्णतया असफल है। इस समस्या को पर दस साल होने को जा रहे हैं, पर अब तक gnome डेवेलपर्स इसे ठीक करने में नाकाम रहे हैं।
मुद्रलिपि बदलने से कुछ नहीं होगा क्योंकि देवनागरी लिपि के जटिल अक्षरों, मात्राओं आदि को gnome-terminal रोमन लिपि की भाँति प्रदर्शित करता है, इसके नतीजे के रूप में वह मात्रा, स्वर को अलग-अलग दिखाता है। और टाइप किये गए शब्द इस तरह की बकवास जैसे दिखते हैं।
मैं दो साल पहले Cinnamon उपयोग करता था। अब मैं KDE उपयोग कर रहा हूँ, जिसमें इस तरह की कोई समस्या नहीं है। KDE का टर्मिनल konsole ने इसका समाधान कर लिया, पर gnome/ubuntu वाले अब तक कुछ नहीं कर पाए।

इसका समाधान है, सिनेप्टिक पैकेज प्रबंधक द्वारा konsole इंस्टॉल करें। उसके साथ कुछ पैकेज और इंस्टॉल होंगे। अभी तो यही किया जा सकता है, और हाँ, konsole में हिंदी हिंदी के तरह ही सही प्रदर्शित की जाती हैं।

This totally botched up font rendering of Indic scripts is a long standing bug inherent in gnome-terminal.
NONE of the fonts renders correctly.
Basic problem of no support for complex font rendering lies in VTE (virtual terminal emulator) library itself that gnome-terminal uses.

VTE is written for fast rendering. It uses primitive calls for rendering completely bypassing the pango rendering engine.

In Gedit -a popular text editor on GNOME desktop environment, the whole text is rendered as a single unit. So, the rendering engine is able interact between adjacent character cells, including reordering and composing conjuncts so as to produce exact characters as required by Indic and other complex scripts.

Terminals, on the other hand, are display grid, where individual characters are put in grid. And the grid cells are independent of one another. That’s how it works from the beginning. This is fine for Latin and CJK- Chinese Japanese Korean, and probably for Thai-Lao with typewriter convention applied. But it needs a tremendous change to support complex text like Indic and Arabic, where adjacent display cells must interact with one another. So, such deep structural change is not an easy task. It even deserves a redesign, that’s why this problem is unsolved by anyone else.

Solution to this is :-

1. Replacing the primitive rendering call with high level pango call.
2. Doing the inter cell interaction with allocating widths of the characters dynamically
and variably.

Concludingly, reasons for this behaviour are :-

1. In Devanagari the diacritics are of zero-width as well as of non-zero width. The non-zero width diacritics are not rendered properly.
2.In Devanagari in addition to the diacritics, the characters can be combined to form conjuncts. These conjuncts are also not properly rendered as a combined character instead they are rendered separately.

Source for above : foss.coep.org.in/fosslab/Indian-Languag ... rminal.pdf

Filed bug reports : bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/vte/+bug/381429
: bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/vte/+bug/310053

Relevant post at askubuntu stackexchange detailing this issue : askubuntu.com/questions/8437/is-there-a ... e-terminal
[Might be helpful for english speakers contributing to this thread to understand what the problem is]

Expected :-

30 - Uncle moon – चंदा मामा/20081119 Hindi Primer part 30 - Uncle moon – चंदा मामा.nag
31 - Rain Queen - वर्षा रानी/20081124 Hindi Primer part 31 - Rain Queen - वर्षा रानी.nag]

How it shows up in gnome-terminal :-


So, for the time being, I suggest to install '"konsole" which displays Indic fonts perfectly!

Thanks for reading!

[umesh india]

Miejer_Alied भाई बहुत-बहुत धन्यवाद। konsole पहले ही इन्स्टाल कर रखा था, आवश्यक निर्भरताओं को apt-cache depends konsole द्वारा जानकारी कर के जो निर्भताएं इन्स्टाल नही थे उनको इन्स्टाल किया। कंसोल को डिफाल्ट पर सेट किया। शार्टकट को भी कंसोल पर सेट किया। कंसोल पर हिन्दी विल्कुल सही है। सिस्टम पर कंसोल का क्या प्रभाव होगा कृपया बताएं।

[umesh india]

सहयोग करने के लिए सभी मित्रों को बहुत-बहुत धन्यवाद।

[Miejer_Alied]

नमस्कार, उमेश।

मुझे नहीं लगता कि सिस्टम पर कुछ असर पड़ेगा।
सारे टर्मिनल ज़्यादातर एक जैसे ही होते हैं, बस किसी में कुछ ज़्यादा विशेषता आदि होती है, किसी में कम।

[umesh india]

बहुत-बहुत धन्यवाद भाई। अब मेरे सिस्टम पर कंसोल ही रहेगा जबतक कि अन्य टर्मिनल एमुलेटर मे हिन्दी सही ढंग से प्रदर्शित नहीं होने लगती। आप लिनक्स मिन्ट के हिन्दीकरण मे भी तत्पर हैं यह जानकर भी मुझे बहुत खुशी मिली और मै उम्मीद करता हूँ कि शीघ्र ही लिनक्स मिन्ट आपरेटिंग सिस्टम का 100% हिन्दीकरण हो जाएगा। एकबार फिर से आपको बहुत-बहुत धन्यवाद।