Quickly get help

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seeley

Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

P r e f a c e

Please do not post here! For questions please open an own thread!

Last Update June 26 2015

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document is provided as is - without warranty. Use it at your own risk.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

All programs and commands tested -
---------------------------------
Exceptions mentioned!
---------------------------------

Tests realized: Julia KDE (64 bit), Katya Gnome (64 + 32 bit), Maya MATE 64 and Cinnamon 64, Petra KDE 64, Qiana KDE 64 and Cin. 64,
Rebecca 64 bit MATE + Cinnamon, LMDE 1 (64 + 32 bit) on 5 notebooks and 1 netbook, LMDE 2 MATE, Cin. 64 bit

This HowTo has no logical sequence, because
> Chapters result from problems in Mint Forum > I only could attach 3 screenshots each post


Downloads http://www.linuxmint.com/oldreleases.php See which version is supported > Overview Linux Mint Releases:

Linux Mint: Desktop Gnome, KDE, Xfce, LXDE and Fluxbox (LM9). Official User Guide: http://www.linuxmint.com/documentation.php
Linux Mint Debian (LMDE): Desktop Gnome, Xfce, (KDE?) > rolling release

***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
If you nowadays buy a notebook, it is important to know if the type of firmware is BIOS or UEFI (secure boot).
URLs:
http://www.howtogeek.com/175649/what-yo ... -the-bios/
http://itsfoss.com/disable-uefi-secure- ... windows-8/
http://www.maketecheasier.com/disable-s ... windows-8/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_E ... _Interface

Important: many parts of this guidance imply BIOS or UEFI-BIOS (no secure boot), especilaly those concerning partitioning (partition table type msdos, not GPT)
and installing Mint.
My laptop has UEFI with Compatibility Support Module (CSM).
Disabling secure boot => CSM provides compatibility support for traditional legacy BIOS.

To detect CSM support and starting mode, please open a Terminal / Konsole, copy and paste the following command(s) into it:

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sudo dmidecode -t0 | grep -Ei "BIOS boot|UEFI"
My output:

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	BIOS boot specification is supported
		UEFI is supported
[/color]

> UEFI with CSM = UEFI-BIOS *)

and

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[ -d /sys/firmware/efi ] && echo "EFI boot on HDD" || echo "Legacy boot on HDD"

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Legacy boot on HDD
[/color] (> BIOS emulated)

------------------------------------
*)
2 other possible outputs:

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BIOS boot specification is supported 
[/color]
> only BIOS, no UEFI

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UEFI is supported
[/color]
> UEFI without CSM
------------------------------------
***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Important!
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Before you install Mint: I highly recommend to download and burn live CD PartedMagic or SystemRescue.
+ Both are containing GParted, the best Partition Editor I know (and other useful tools).
+ If you have Windows (pre-)installed: additional SuperGrubDisk!
+ Homepages: => Please see chapter 0.2

+ After having installed Linux, your computer may not boot;
+ with SGD you are able to start Windows (and maybe Linux) ; with PM or SR you can manipulate system files.

+ No CD / DVD drive: create a live USB SystemRescue => Please see chapter 21 [ methods from Windows and Linux ]
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

~~~~~~~~~~
Chapters
~~~~~~~~~~

00 Windows
> 0.1 Checking download and burning image
> 0.2 Valuable live mediums
> 0.3 Preparing Windows for dual boot
01 Linux
02 Terminal / Editors
> 2.1 Short introduction in Terminal
> 2.2 Editors
03 Opening a Thread
04 Hardware
05 Sound
06 Installation
> 6.1 Grub
> 6.2 Partitioning
07 Request
08 HOWTOS
09 Network
10 UNetbootin
11 Windows chainload
12 Integrity of a live CD /DVD
13 Backup boot loader
14 Explanation of a specific partitioning
15 Start Mint from command line
16 swap
> 16.1 Partition
> 16.2 File
> 16.3 Suspend to disk
17 PartedMagic
18 GParted live I
19 Create live USB with "dd"
20 Move home
> 20.1 Preliminary work
> 20.2
21 SystemRescue USB
> 21.1 USB installation method from Windows
> 21.2 USB installation method from Linux
> 21.3 System Rescue
22 Bluetooth

PAGE 2:
23 Gathering Network Data
24 Download Manager
25 Installation: Qiana Cinnamon
26 Mobile Broadband
27 Tipps
> 27.1 VLC web cam
> 27.2 MicroSD
28 LMDE2: Switch DEs
> 28.1 Cinnamon to MATE
> 28.2 MATE to Cinnamon
29 GParted live II
30 GParted live III: manual Partitioning
31 Installing LMDE
32 Installing LM 17.2


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
00 Windows
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

0.1 Checking download and burning image

Check md5sum after download: WinMD5Free.exe > http://www.winmd5.com/

No burning program -> SetupImgBurn_2.5.5.0.exe > http://www.imgburn.com/
Burn with low speed!

0.2 Valuable live mediums

If installation is failing: Prevention is better than cure!

To start Windows or Linux, repair boot loader GRUB v.1.9:
SuperGrubDisk http://www.supergrubdisk.org/ : Rescatux - Super Grub2 Disk
SystemRescueCd: http://www.sysresccd.org/Main_Page

PartedMagic was free.
http://partedmagic.com/
Since 2013 you have to pay at least $ 9.-, but it's worth its price.
https://partedmagic.com/downloads/

PM is more than a Linux operating system!

0.3 Preparing Windows for dual boot

Backup your data to an external backup medium before trying a dual-boot install.
Windows should be installed first, because it´s a lot easier than installing Windows after Linux.

Clean up unnecessary files and defragment the drive before resizing:

Free downloads:

Revouninstaller - http://www.revouninstaller.com/revo_uni ... nload.html
revosetup.exe ~ 2.6 MB
Features:
+ Creating SystemRestorePoint
+ Scanning for leftovers after the standard uninstall

CCleaner - http://www.piriform.com/ccleaner
ccsetupVersion.exe ~ 3 MB
Features:
+ Cleaner (System, Applications)
+ Registry Cleaner
+ Remove SRP

AuslogicsDiskDefrag - http://www.auslogics.com/en/software/disk-defrag/
disk-defrag-setup.exe ~ 4.5 MB

Shrinking Windows

Windows partition needs to be shrunk, creating free space for the Linux partition(s).
Don't shrink Windows on a running system, use a live medium as PartedMagic/ GParted, GParted or KDE Partition Manager

GParted: http://gparted.sourceforge.net/


After shrinking a Windows partition:
reboot into Windows prior to further partitioning or even installing Mint - to enable Windows to update its boot files.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
01 Linux
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Check download > Terminal/ Konsole: command md5sum *.iso

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seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ pwd
/home/seeley
seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ cd Downloads
seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ ls -l
total 3614264
-rw-r--r-- 1 seeley seeley  725968896 Jul 24 11:33 linuxmint-11-lxde-32bit-rc2.iso
-rw-r--r-- 1 seeley seeley         54 Jul 24 11:23 md5sumMint11LXDErc2iso
seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ md5sum linuxmint-11-lxde-32bit-rc2.iso
f1c310e709c3236a84a7afa4a44f696d  linuxmint-11-lxde-32bit-rc2.iso
seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ cat md5sumMint11LXDErc2iso
f1c310e709c3236a84a7afa4a44f696d md5 mintLXDE11rc2iso
To burn an image: Gnome: Brasero, KDE and Gnome: K3b

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
02 Terminal / Editors
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

2.1 Short introduction in Terminal

Many tasks in Linux can be done from both graphical interfaces and from commands.
To solve a problem the help you get often requires the output of Terminal / Konsole.
You can find it: Menu/ Accessories/ or Menu/ System Tools- it depends on the distribution and the Desktop.
Some commands require administrator rights (root) - the command depends on the distribution and the Desktop:

On live medium:

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sudo su
<ENTER>

Otherwise:

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su -
password

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command
or

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sudo command
password

BTW: LMDE has a Root Terminal.

If you want to post the output of a command:
Mark it, copy (and paste) it into your POST A REPLY choosing Code and pasting it between the two pairs of [] [] brackets - to better read it.

Important commands:

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ls
> list directory
A description :

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man ls
| back with q (quit)

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pwd
> print working directory, e.g.:
/home/seeley

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cat /etc/hostname
> concatenate files and print, e.g.:
seeley-Amilo

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df -h
> file system disk space

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mount

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free
> amount of free memory

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dmesg
> print bootup messages

2.2 Editors

Desktop.....Editor...........root command..........Main Menu >
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gnome.......Gedit............gksudo gedit.............Accessories
KDE...........Kate..............kdesudo kate *)........Applications > Utilities
LXDE.........Leafpad....
XFCE.........Mousepad....gksudo mousepad...
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*) Alt+F2: kdesu kate / kdesu kwrite
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Without graphical interface you have to use a Terminal editor

vim
http://www.linuxquestions.org/linux/ans ... i_Improved

nano

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
03 Opening a thread
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1. Posting distribution, kernel, desktop and data medium

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 lsb_release -rd
Ex 01.a:
Description: Linux Mint 10 Julia
Release: 10
Ex 01.b:
Description: Linux Mint Debian Edition
Release: 1

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 uname -a
Ex 02.a:
... 2.6.35-22-generic #33-Ubuntu SMP Sun Sep 19 20:32:27 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux
-> 64 bit
Ex 02.b:
... 2.6.32-5-686 #1 SMP Thu Nov 25 18:43:34 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux
-> 32 bit
Ex 02.c:
2.6.39-1.dmz.2-liquorix-amd64 #1 ZEN SMP PREEMPT Fri Jun 10 01:11:24 CDT 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux
-> 64 bit

Desktop: Cinnamon, MATE, KDE, Xfce, LXDE
Image on CD, DVD, USB

2. Number of hard disks
Ex3:
Disks: HDD Total Size: 80.0GB (5.4% used) 1: /dev/sda FUJITSU_MHT2080A 80.0GB
installed operating systems
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------important---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 EXAMPLES WHAT YOU SHOULD POST
Example 4.1 (Minimum):
Mint 9/ KDE/ 32 bit/ installed from live-CD/ VISTA preinstalled/ 1 hard disk
Example 4.2:
Mint Julia/ Gnome 2.32.0/ kernel 2.6.35-22-generic #33-Ubuntu SMP Sep 19 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux
installed from live USB <-UNetbootin/ multiboot W7 - Julia - Fedora/
Disks: HDD Total Size: 504.2GB (12.4% used) 1: /dev/sda TOSHIBA_MK5055GS 500.1GB
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------important---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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mate-about
shows MATE version.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
04 Hardware
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

List Hardware:
As root:

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lshw
or

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hwinfo
Maybe you get a message

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The program 'hwinfo' is currently not installed.  You can install it by typing:
sudo apt-get install hwinfo

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seeley@seeley0 ~ $ inxi -F
System:    Host: seeley0 Kernel: 3.13.0-37-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Xfce 4.11.8 Distro: Linux Mint 17.1 Rebecca
Machine:   System: 12345 (portable) product: 67890
           Mobo: 12345 model: 67890 Bios: American Megatrends version: 4.6.4 date: 09/07/2011
CPU:       Dual core Intel Core i5-2450M CPU (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB flags: (lm nx sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3 vmx) 
           Clock Speeds: 1: 800.00 MHz 2: 800.00 MHz 3: 1400.00 MHz 4: 2500.00 MHz
Graphics:  Card: Intel 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller 
           X.Org: 1.15.1 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1600x900@60.0hz 
           GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Sandybridge Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 10.1.3
Audio:     Card: Intel 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel
           Sound: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ver: k3.13.0-37-generic
Network:   Card-1: Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6230 [Rainbow Peak] driver: iwlwifi 
           IF: wlan0 state: down mac: 88:53:2e:b6:17:7d
           Card-2: Intel 82579V Gigabit Network Connection driver: e1000e 
           IF: eth0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: 12:34:56:78:90:ab 
Drives:    HDD Total Size: 256.1GB (12.8% used) 1: id: /dev/sda model: M4 size: 256.1GB 
Partition: ID: / size: 7.8G used: 5.0G (68%) fs: ext4 ID: /home size: 9.8G used: 131M (2%) fs: ext4 
           ID: swap-1 size: 6.44GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap 
RAID:      No RAID devices detected - /proc/mdstat and md_mod kernel raid module present
Sensors:   System Temperatures: cpu: 57.8C mobo: N/A 
           Fan Speeds (in rpm): cpu: N/A 
Info:      Processes: 196 Uptime: 6:50 Memory: 1018.4/3859.3MB Client: Shell inxi: 1.8.4 
seeley@seeley0 ~ $ 
Note: system, product and mac address overwritten

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lsusb

lists e.g.:
USB mouse, USB printer,
USB flash drive [-> ICON on Gnome Desktop; unplug: right click and "Safely Remove Drive"!],
integrated webcam (!),
USB modem, e.g.:
Bus 002 Device 007: ID 12d1:1003 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. E220 HSDPA Modem / E270 HSDPA/HSUPA Modem
The first 4 hexadecimal characters (12d1) are showing the vendor and the second 4 hexadecimal characters (1003) the product.

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lspci
e.g.: Audio controller, Firewire, SD Host Controller, Network Controller,...

Links concerning Hardware problems:
Debian Wiki: http://wiki.debian.org/HowToIdentifyADevice/PCI

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
05 Sound
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Run in a Terminal and post the output:
a)

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cat /proc/asound/card0/codec#* | grep Codec
Ex5:
Codec: IDT 92HD71B7X
and

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aplay -L
b)
Sound preferences:
left part of the image: right click on speaker iCON.....................................|| right part of the image: run "pavucontrol" in a Terminal.....................
sound1.png
c)
Terminal:

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alsamixer
sound2.png
Hit F6 to choose your sound card and push buttons up!

d)
Terminal:

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gnome-alsamixer
sound3.png
e) Edit files *.conf
Sometimes you must add a row in the file /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf, e.g.
(HDA Intel card):
options snd-hda-intel model=auto
Save, reboot, run "alsamixer" to unmute and adjust channels.
If this step was unsuccessful, replace that line with
options snd-hda-intel model=laptop
or instead of "laptop": name of the computer, the model, the manufacturer.
Save, reboot, run "alsamixer" to unmute and adjust channels.

/blacklist*.conf

f) Installation of another kernel / waiting for a new kernel.

Links [solved]:
1. eepc1005hab
Mint 10 is nice but fails re microphone <workaround found>
2.
Help for Sound Problems Intel (ICH5/ICH5R) AC'97
3. Acer eeePC Realtek ALC629
Suddenly no sound from speakers, headphones work
4. LG P1 Express ALC880
No sound on my laptop LG P1

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
06 Installation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

6.1 Grub


The GRand Unified Bootloader 2, GRUB 2, is following Grub legacy (Grub 1). I name the successor GRUB"2", because version 1.97 contains bugs (concerning VISTA and PCLinuxOS).
Instead of menu.lst GRUB"2" uses 2 files: grub.cfg (should not be edited) and grub (can be edited)
and a directory /etc/grub.d/
The files can be displayed by:

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cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg
and

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cat /etc/default/grub
To edit grub:

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gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub
afterwards run

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sudo update-grub
to write changes into grub.cfg

In Ubuntuusers.de/Wiki :
http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/GRUB_Umgebun ... aufspueren
I found the following command (De -> En):
Copy the command into a Terminal and post the output.

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sudo fdisk -l 2>/dev/null | egrep "Disk /|/dev/" | sed "s#^/dev/#Part /dev/#" | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/://' | xargs -n1 -IX sudo sh -c "hexdump -v -s 0x80 -n  2 -e '2/1 \"%x\" \"\\n\"' X | xargs -n1 -IY sh -c \"case  \"Y\" in '48b4') echo X: GRUB 2 v1.96 ;; 'aa75' | '5272') echo X: GRUB Legacy ;; '7c3c') echo X: GRUB 2 v1.97 or v1.98 ;; '020') echo X: GRUB 2 v1.99 ;; *) echo X: No GRUB Y ;; esac\"" 
- I name it "findGrub"- (De -> EN)

Part of my output:

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/dev/sda: GRUB 2 v1.99
/dev/sda1: No GRUB 00
/dev/sda2: No GRUB 00
/dev/sda3: No GRUB 6f74 
/dev/sda4: No GRUB 00
/dev/sda5: No GRUB 00                                                                                                                                                                             
  ...                                                                                                                                                                                               
/dev/sda16: No GRUB 00                                                                                                                                                                                                           
/dev/sda17: GRUB 2 v1.99  

Comment:
sda:	Maya  Grub 1.99
sda3:   FAT32 partition             
sda16:  Petra without Grub!
sda17:  Qiana Grub 2.02             
NOTE: v1.99 means v1.99 or higher

However the following command (on Qiana KDE 64)

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dpkg --list | grep grub
displays the correct version (Grub of the current Linux):

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ii  grub-common                                 2.02~beta2-9                                      amd64        GRand Unified Bootloader (common files)
ii  grub-gfxpayload-lists                       0.6                                               amd64        GRUB gfxpayload blacklist
ii  grub-pc                                     2.02~beta2-9                                      amd64        GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (PC/BIOS version)
ii  grub-pc-bin                                 2.02~beta2-9                                      amd64        GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (PC/BIOS binaries)
ii  grub2-common                                2.02~beta2-9                                      amd64        GRand Unified Bootloader (common files for version 2)
ii  grub2-theme-mint                            1.0.9                                             all          Grub2 theme for Linux Mint
[/color]
Links concerning GRUB"2":

Ubuntu Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2
Hermans GNU GRUB 1.98: http://members.iinet.net/~herman546/p20.html


If "findGrub" displayed GRUB2 on your root partition -> repair
If "findGrub" displayed No GRUB on your root partition -> install

To repair Grub"2"

Boot from your Mint live medium
Supposing hard disk /dev/sda and Mint root partition sdaX is not labelled
IMPORTANT: replace X 4 times in 3 commands and sda, if your hd is not identified as sda !
Terminal:

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ls /media
No output is okay.
Supposing Mint is installed in /dev/sdaX and Grub2 into the MBR of /dev/sda:
Case sensitivity!

Terminal: As root (e.g. Gnome Desktop):

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sudo mkdir /media/SDAX

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sudo mount /dev/sdaX /media/SDAX

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ls /media
SDAX should be printed.
Terminal:

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sudo grub-setup -d /media/SDAX/boot/grub /dev/sda
IMPORTANT: replace X 4 times in 3 commands


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I did not try to repair or install GRUB"2" on a system with own boot partition!
I suppose you must mount both boot and root partitions and choose as sadX the boot partition.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To install Grub"2" TESTED in this forum: http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.p ... 69#p376469

Supposing hard disk sda and root partition sdaX

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sudo mount /dev/sdaX /mnt
A separate boot partition -sdaW- must be mounted, too:

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sudo mount /dev/sdaW /mnt/boot
A separate home partition -sdaY- must be mounted, too:

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sudo mount /dev/sdaY /mnt/home
Important step:

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sudo mount --bind /dev/ /mnt/dev
To install GRUB"2" into the MBR of hard disk sda:

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sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda

6.2 Partitioning

Run in a Terminal and post the output:
a)

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sudo fdisk -l
l = lowercase "L" like list
and

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sudo parted -l print
b) Partitioning:

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sudo gparted
Important hint concerning partitioning with GParted: You can test GP:
If you don't choose "Apply all operations" and choose "Clear all operations" the changes will not be written to disk.

Reference
http://gparted.sourceforge.net/documentation.php
I highly recommend to use a new version of GP.
PartedMagic has many useful tools as UNetbootin (once used you never will miss it!), TestDisk,...; GParted:
http://partedmagic.com/doku.php
Don't use version 6.4 (bugs)!

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
07 Request
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Please add [solved] to the subject line, if your originally question is answered.
Fitzcarraldo/ Sabayon forum gives the best statement I know at http://forum.sabayon.org/viewtopic.php?f=86&t=17059
Why ... to add "[Solved]" to your post. Please read.
There are several reasons why are we asking you to do this small, simple thing:
1. If a thread has been marked "[Solved]" then forum visitors (especially the moderators and knowledgeable members who try to help others) know they don't need to revisit the thread. This saves valuable time, especially if there are several threads with requests for help.
2. When you use the forum's Search facility to look for a solution to a problem, if one or more of the list of posts has "[Solved]" in the Subject then you can open those posts first and probably find the solution to your problem faster. Otherwise you may spend a lot of time reading posts and threads which leave you none the wiser.
3. By doing this yourself, rather than expecting forum moderators to do it for you, you are being courteous as you give us more time to deal with other forum tasks or trying to help with other requests.
4. Other visitors with the same problem as you may not bother to browse a thread again if they think that the discussion is ongoing but no solution has been found. If they see the thread has been marked "[Solved]" the next time they visit the forum, they know immediately to visit/revisit that thread.
Your cooperation would be appreciated. Thanks.
And please point at this thread - reading unanswered questions - if you find this tutorial helpful and your problem is solved.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
08 HOWTOS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

ENGLISH

How To install Mint 17.1 Rebecca 64 bit

HowTo install Qiana KDE on a Linux multiboot system


Deutsch

Anleitung: wie schnelle Hilfe erhalten

Anleitung: Installation von Linux Mint Rebecca auf USB
Last edited by seeley on Thu Oct 29, 2015 4:54 am, edited 106 times in total.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
09 Network
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

>

Right click on Panel / Icon NetWorkManager / Edit Connections
ShotNWM.png
No WIRELESS:
Please first see if there are additional drivers avialable (not Windows drivers);
> Icon in Gnome Panel or
> System > Administration or
> System tools

A window "Additional Drivers" may open with a list ->
No proprietary drivers are in use ... LinuxMint cannot fix or improve these drivers.
- ... wireless driver
- ... grahics driver
- ... 3D support
....
Those drivers can be activated by a mouse click.

3G / UMTS USB modem
ShotBroadband.png
Right click NWM / Connection Information
ShotWLANKP.png
Example with wireless active (here: eth2):

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~ $ inxi -N

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Network:   Card-1 Realtek RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ driver 8139too
           Card-2 Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG [Calexico2] Network Connection driver ipw2200
[/color]

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 ~ $sudo iwconfig

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lo        no wireless extensions.
...
eth2      IEEE 802.11g  ESSID:"MyWireless01"  
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.412 GHz  Access Point: 00:1F:8A:90:1F:C6   
          Bit Rate:54 Mb/s   Tx-Power=20 dBm   Sensitivity=8/0  
          Retry limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Encryption key:B743-...-6F9C   Security mode:open
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=86/100  Signal level=-43 dBm  Noise level=-87 dBm
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:1  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:1
[/color]

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 ~ $ sudo ifconfig

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eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:02:0c:18:d0:d0  
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
          Interrupt:9 Base address:0xc800 

eth2      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0e:35:7b:5c:f9  
          inet addr:192.168.1.53  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20e:35ff:fe6a:5cf9/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:140 errors:1 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:132 errors:0 dropped:20 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:33948 (33.1 KiB)  TX bytes:13815 (13.4 KiB)
          Interrupt:11 Base address:0xc000 Memory:ffdfd000-ffdfdfff 
...
[/color]

PING (Wikipedia):
Ping (packet internet grouper) is a computer network administration utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer.

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ping -c4 forums.linuxmint.com
PING forums.linuxmint.com (184.106.181.250) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from forums.linuxmint.com (184.106.181.250): icmp_req=1 ttl=51 time=151 ms

--- forums.linuxmint.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 1 received, 75% packet loss, time 3006ms
...
-c4 = count 4 means 4 packages were send

If you got an error message, maybe there is a problem with the nameservers - to find it out

nslookup > query Internet name servers

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nslookup forums.linuxmint.com

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...
Non-authoritative answer:
Name:	forums.linuxmint.com
Address: 184.106.181.250
[/color]

Then "ping" with the displayed IP address 184.106.181.250 instead of the name forums.linuxmint.com

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ping -c4 184.106.181.250
PING 184.106.181.250 (184.106.181.250) 56(84) bytes of data.
If the first "ping" failed and the second one not, then the nameservers could be wrong or missing.

Code: Select all

cat /etc/resolv.conf
Links [solved]:

1. (Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR5001 Wireless Network Adapter)
LMDE 64 bits: no wireless on Fujitsu AMILO Li 2727

2.
No wireless connection in Mint10

Clue

HP's G60-530CA + wireless card Intel WiFi Link 1000 > All about wireless
See: http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue ... 8#upcoming
Last edited by seeley on Wed Jun 24, 2015 9:45 am, edited 9 times in total.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
10 UNetbootin
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If you have problems burning an image on CD or DVD, you can make a live USB with PartedMagic/ UNetbootin; it's very easy to do and takes significant less time.
ShotUNa.png
ShotUNbK.png
ShotUNc.png
Last edited by seeley on Tue Mar 22, 2011 6:59 am, edited 2 times in total.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
11 Windows / chainload
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

After having installed a Dualboot Windows (first) - Mint (second) a GRUB"2" menu is displayed, but you can't start Windows.

When the menu appears, type

Code: Select all

c
(BTW: Notice the Grub version!)
You see:

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 grub>_
[/color]
Type

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chainloader (hd0, <tab>
(<tab> means: hit the tab key.)
You see - I hope - a list of partitions; search the one with Windows on it, it could be Partition hd0,msdos1
you should see

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chainloader (hd0,msdos
[/color]
If it is msdos1, complete the command: (with the number you found - here as example, I use "1")

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chainloader (hd0,msdos1)+1
(the second "1" must be "1" in any case!)
You see again:

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grub> _
[/color]

Type

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boot
and hope, that your Windows will start!
Last edited by seeley on Tue Mar 22, 2011 7:00 am, edited 3 times in total.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
12 Integrity of a live CD / DVD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

On a Sabayon Forum I've found this useful hint to check a burned CD / DVD:
http://wiki.sabayon.org/index.php?title ... or_LiveDVD

Supposing you are able to boot from hd to an installed Linux!

I tested it with my LMDE 32 bit live DVD (201101):

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seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ isoinfo -d -i /dev/cdrom
->

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CD-ROM is in ISO 9660 format
System id: LINUX
Volume id: Linux Mint Debian 32-bit
Volume set id: 
Publisher id: 
Data preparer id: 
Application id: GENISOIMAGE ISO 9660/HFS FILESYSTEM CREATOR (C) 1993 E.YOUNGDALE (C) 1997-2006 J.PEARSON/J.SCHILLING (C) 2006-2007 CDRKIT TEAM
Copyright File id: 
Abstract File id: 
Bibliographic File id: 
Volume set size is: 1
Volume set sequence number is: 1
Logical block size is: 2048
Volume size is: 504856
El Torito VD version 1 found, boot catalog is in sector 36
Joliet with UCS level 3 found
Rock Ridge signatures version 1 found
Eltorito validation header:
    Hid 1
    Arch 0 (x86)
    ID ''
    Key 55 AA
    Eltorito defaultboot header:
        Bootid 88 (bootable)
        Boot media 0 (No Emulation Boot)
        Load segment 0
        Sys type 0
        Nsect 4
        Bootoff 25 37
[/color]

The two relevant lines are:
Logical block size is: 2048
Volume size is: 504856
Insert these two numbers: bs=2048 and count=504856
->

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seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ dd if=/dev/cdrom bs=2048 count=504856 conv=notrunc,noerror | md5sum

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504856+0 records in
504856+0 records out
1033945088 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 186.488 s, 5.5 MB/s
daeabb182b016cd62bfced5483441b5a  -
[/color]

and compare the output with the md5sum of Linux Mint Debian 32-bit (201101) DVD 1 GB from
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=66
MATCH!
Thus the burning was okay. If it does not match the md5sum published on the mirror then you need to burn another CD / DVD.
Last edited by seeley on Tue Mar 22, 2011 7:02 am, edited 3 times in total.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
13 Backup boot loader
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1. Saving on working directory (running Mint)

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seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ pwd
< print working directory >

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/home/seeley
[/color]

To copy the 446 Bytes to the file BackupBootloader in the working directory:

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sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=BackupBootloader bs=446 count=1
password

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1+0 records in
1+0 records out
446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.0001598 s, 2.8 MB/s
[/color]
To see the result:

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ls -l

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total 6
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    446 2011-01-24 16:40 BackupBootloader
...
[/color]

2. Saving on USB flash

Supposing an USB flash drive is (auto) mounted - here: SANDISK2 (labelled with GParted)

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seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ cd /media
seeley@seeley-laptop /media $ ls -l
drwx------  9 seeley seeley 32768 Jan  1  1970 SANDISK2
seeley@seeley-laptop /media $ cd SANDISK2
Using the same "dd" command:

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seeley@seeley-laptop /media/SANDISK2 $ sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=BackupBootloader bs=446 count=1
[sudo] password for seeley: 
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.00477407 s, 93.4 kB/s
seeley@seeley-laptop /media/SANDISK2 $ ls -l
total 1722432
-rw-r--r-- 1 seeley seeley        446 Aug 14 12:28 BackupBootloader

--------------------------------------------------------------
I did not test copying back the backup file!
--------------------------------------------------------------
Last edited by seeley on Sun Aug 14, 2011 6:40 am, edited 3 times in total.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
14 Explanation of a specific partitioning
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Illustration of a Disk Partitioning using an example of a multiboot system

No guideline how to partition - only exemplification of terms!

On my old laptop - Windows XP preinstalled - I first was shrinking the system partition - with GParted live.
Over the years I made more than 20 changes; that's why the partitions are not in disk order - as you see by running

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sudo fdisk -l
/ shows cylinders / or

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sudo fdisk -lu
/ shows sectors:

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Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xb635b635
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1              63    77995574    38997756    7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda2        77995575    89498114     5751270   83  Linux
/dev/sda3        96904141   156295167    29695513+   5  Extended
/dev/sda4        89498115    96904079     3702982+   b  W95 FAT32
/dev/sda5        96904143    99088919     1092388+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6       130415733   140825789     5205028+  83  Linux
/dev/sda7       140825853   143894204     1534176   83  Linux
/dev/sda8   *    99088983   107474849     4192933+  83  Linux
/dev/sda9       107474913   111667814     2096451   83  Linux
/dev/sda10      111667878   127315124     7823623+  83  Linux
/dev/sda11      127315188   130415669     1550241   83  Linux
/dev/sda12      143896576   156295167     6199296   83  Linux
Partition table entries are not in disk order
[/color]

You see 4 primary partitions, /dev/sda1,..,4; one of them, /dev/sda3, is an extended partition as container for 8 logical partitions /dev/sda5,......,12.
The unallocated space can be ignored.

Gnome partition editor:
ScreenGP_KP.png
The boot flag of Fedora is of no relevance - I could remove it without consequence.
But maybe - depending on BIOS - it's needed on another computer or another distribution.

Code: Select all

sudo parted -l print
shows the partitions in the right order (see GP screenshot, too)

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Model: ATA FUJITSU MHT2080A (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 80.0GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number  Start   End     Size    Type      File system     Flags
 1      32.3kB  39.9GB  39.9GB  primary   ntfs
 2      39.9GB  45.8GB  5889MB  primary   ext4
 4      45.8GB  49.6GB  3792MB  primary   fat32
 3      49.6GB  80.0GB  30.4GB  extended
 5      49.6GB  50.7GB  1119MB  logical   linux-swap(v1)
 8      50.7GB  55.0GB  4294MB  logical   ext4            boot
 9      55.0GB  57.2GB  2147MB  logical   ext4
10      57.2GB  65.2GB  8011MB  logical   ext4
11      65.2GB  66.8GB  1587MB  logical   ext4
 6      66.8GB  72.1GB  5330MB  logical   ext4
 7      72.1GB  73.7GB  1571MB  logical   ext4
12      73.7GB  80.0GB  6348MB  logical   ext4
[/color]

There are 5 operating systems ( Windows XP and 4 x Linux), a multiboot with XP - Test Distri - Fedora - Julia - LMDE;
Test Distri was Isadora (all Desktops), now Julia Gnome, later on will be Julia KDE.
Each Linux has an own "/home" and they all are labeled - to better recognize them.
The Mount Point "/" shows that I was running Mint on sda2 with it's /home (sda10) and Data exchange partition XP - Mint (sda4), mounted as /media/DATA - I was choosing "/media" to see an ICON on Desktop Gnome.

Manual GParted:
http://manual.aptosid.com/en/part-gparted-en.htm
Last edited by seeley on Wed Aug 17, 2011 6:32 am, edited 5 times in total.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
15 Start Mint from command line
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Lack of GRUB"2" Menu > how to start Mint from the command line

If there is no Grub2 menu after booting, but only:

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grub>_
[/color]

you can start Mint as follows, if grub.cfg is correct:

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set root=(hdX,Y)

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linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sdXY ro

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initrd /initrd.img

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boot

Example: no own boot partition, rootMint on hard disk /dev/sda in the logical partition /dev/sda12 and GRUB"2" in the MBR of /dev/sda

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set root=(hd0,msdos12)

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linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda12 ro

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initrd /initrd.img

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boot
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
16 Swap
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

16.1 Partition

How to verify if swap is active:
ShotMonitor.png
ShotSwap.png
If you have a problem with your swap partition check the following:

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seeley-laptop ~ # free

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             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:        514516     414012     100504          0      23560     257284
-/+ buffers/cache:     133168     381348
Swap:      1092380          0    1092380
[/color]

Code: Select all

seeley-laptop ~ # blkid

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...
/dev/sda5: UUID="85647e08-96d1-4796-9105-1bf5a49c0905" TYPE="swap" 
/dev/sda6: UUID="97ba1a41-1039-4b0e-84ba-1610a5d1847c" TYPE="ext4" LABEL="rootLMDE" 
...
[/color]

Swap partion is /dev/sda5

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seeley-laptop ~ # cat /etc/fstab

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# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
...
# <file system>                            <mount point>   <type>        <options>       <dump> <pass>
proc                                        /proc           proc          defaults        0      0
...
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=f5355ad1-6de9-497b-a8d4-e2abe7336d4d   none            swap          sw              0      0
...
[/color]

Swap UUID from "blkid": 85647e08-96d1-4796-9105-1bf5a49c0905
and
swap UUID in /etc/fstab: f5355ad1-6de9-497b-a8d4-e2abe7336d4d
differ, so I had to edit /etc/fstab as root:

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seeley-laptop ~ # gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

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# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
...
# <file system>                            <mount point>   <type>        <options>       <dump> <pass>
proc                                        /proc           proc          defaults        0      0
...
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
# comment out 24/012011
# UUID=f5355ad1-6de9-497b-a8d4-e2abe7336d4d none            swap          sw              0      0
/dev/sda5	                                swap	         swap	       sw	           0	   0
...
[/color]

16.2 File

Creating a swap file:
http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20110117#qa


------------------------------------------------
I did not test creating a swap file.
------------------------------------------------

16.3 Suspend to disk

First check RAM size against swap size!
RAM size must be at least as high as swap size!
Last edited by seeley on Fri Aug 12, 2011 7:57 am, edited 5 times in total.
Habitual

Re: Quickly get help

Post by Habitual »

This post should be a sticky in EVERY category that elicits help.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
17 PartedMagic
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ScreenshotPM1.png
ScreenshotPM2.png
TOOLS such as

Partition Editor GParted > chapter 18
UNetbootin can create live USB > chapter 10
Editor Leafpad
Terminal LXTerminal
CD/ DVD burning SimpleBurn
Last edited by seeley on Wed Mar 30, 2011 2:58 pm, edited 1 time in total.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
18 GParted live I
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Because I can' t attach further screen shots, I add a chapter 29 - GParted live II

GParted 0.8.0-5
ScreenshotGPa.png
ScreenshotGPb.png
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GParted---------------Edit-------------------------View-----------------------Device------------------------Partition--------Help------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Refresh Devices......Undo last operation......Device Information......Create Partition Table......New..................Contents
Devices.....................Clear all operations......Pending Operations....Attempt Data Rescue.......Delete..............About......
Quit............................Apply all operations......File System Support.................................................Resize/ Move..................
...................................................................................................................................................................Copy.................................
...................................................................................................................................................................Paste................................
...................................................................................................................................................................Format to.........................
...................................................................................................................................................................Unmount.........................
...................................................................................................................................................................Manage Flags...............
...................................................................................................................................................................Check..............................
...................................................................................................................................................................Label...............................
...................................................................................................................................................................Information.....................
ScreenshotGPc.png
Because I can' t attach further screen shots, I add a chapter 29 - GParted live II
Last edited by seeley on Thu Sep 17, 2015 4:10 am, edited 4 times in total.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
19 "dd"
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Create a live USB using a Terminal

Set the boot flag, e.g. with Gparted, format to fat32.

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seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/*usb*

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lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 2011-04-03 19:14 /dev/disk/by-id/usb-JetFlash_4GB-0:0 -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2011-04-03 19:14 /dev/disk/by-id/usb-JetFlash_4GB-0:0-part1 -> ../../sdb1
[/color]

Code: Select all

seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ umount /dev/sdb1

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umount: /dev/sdb1 is not mounted (according to mtab)
[/color]

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seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ pwd
- print working directory -

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/home/seeley
[/color]

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seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ cd Downloads

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seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ sudo dd if=linuxmint-10-gnome-dvd-i386.iso of=/dev/sdb1 bs=4M;sync

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[sudo] password for seeley: 

207+1 records in
207+1 records out
872052736 bytes (872 MB) copied, 288.647 s, 3.0 MB/s
[/color]
AlbertP
Level 16
Level 16
Posts: 6701
Joined: Sun Jan 30, 2011 12:38 pm
Location: Utrecht, The Netherlands

Re: Quickly get help

Post by AlbertP »

The link to Revo in the dual-boot help is dead, here is a newer link: http://www.revouninstaller.com/start_fr ... nload.html
Registered Linux User #528502
Image
Feel free to correct me if I'm trying to write in Spanish, French or German.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
20 Move home
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Successfully tested on Julia, openSUSE and Katya

Concept: German Wiki/ Ubuntuusers.de -> http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Home_umziehen

Demands experience!



20.1 Preliminary work

All too often - especially having only one partition, "/", for Mint - the storage space is undersized.
One possible way out is to remove personal data to an extra partition.
Assuming that your /home is within /, an own home partition does not exist.
Target: Moving your home folder to it's own partition / Copy personal data to an extra partition.

If you are familiar with Terminal, GParted, Editors, Text editors please go to 20.2

Pro own home partition:
If Mint crahes, reinstalling will not delete your personal data and settings, if you mount your home partition at "/home" when reinstalling.


Initial situation: Mint on /dev/sda2 (root partition), no own home partition (Julia Gnome respectively Katya)

Booting to Mint

Verification "no own home partition":

Code: Select all

mount

Code: Select all

seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ mount
/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
...
/dev/sda2 on / and no sdaX on /home -> Only one partition for Mint

Running GParted

After having started Mint Julia/GP LinuxMint Debian/GP respectively you see, if you have an own home partition (Mint Julia: no, LMDE: yes)
ShotGP_J_DE.png
BTW (If GP is not installed):

Code: Select all

seeley@seeley-katya ~ $ gparted
The program 'gparted' is currently not installed.  You can install it by typing:
sudo apt-get install gparted

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seeley@seeley-katya ~ $ sudo apt-get install gparted
[sudo] password for seeley: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
  reiser4progs kpartx
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  gparted
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 41 not upgraded.
Need to get 499 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,671 kB of additional disk space will be used
...



Precondition: Familiarize yourself with
> Terminal
> Editors such as gedit (Gnome) or leafpad (PartedMagic)
> Text editor nano or vim (vim is an extended version of the text editor vi)

Take notice of case sensitivity, space, /, "


T E R M I N A L

Creating a test file with the editor gedit:

Code: Select all

gksudo gedit /etc/test
#file /etc/test
#UUID=123... vi
#UUID=456... nano

save

Text editors nano or vi:

Code: Select all

sudo nano /etc/test
del "#"

To save: CTR + O
ScreenshotNano.png
Or

Code: Select all

sudo vi /etc/test
| not digit 1, not character l
del "#"

To save: ZZ

Ctrl Alt F1
Back to Desktop:
Ctrl Alt F7

Backup /home
Last edited by seeley on Thu Aug 11, 2011 10:13 am, edited 15 times in total.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

20.2

On Mint Desktop:

To determine the size of the home folder:

Code: Select all

seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ du -sh /home
1.1G	/home
Note: Testing => Only 1.1 GB

GParted live

Suggestion: PartedMagic/GP 0.8 or GP 0.8

Create a partition (suggestion: ext4) with GParted live
Size must be at least 1.1 GB

If you have questions concerning partitioning please first open a thread (e.g. "GParted: creating a new partition"),
attaching a screenshot of GParted.

Back on Mint Desktop:

To see all partitions:

Code: Select all

seeley@seeley-seeley-laptop ~ $ sudo blkid
[sudo] password for seeley: 
/dev/sda1: LABEL="System" UUID="B6C411C6C4118A2F" TYPE="ntfs" 
/dev/sda2: LABEL="Mint" UUID="9867db83-3638-4175-85de-1a759017e94f" TYPE="ext4" 
...
/dev/sda13: LABEL="newHome" UUID="fd5690ab-737c-40e1-96ea-07cb1beefa25" TYPE="ext4" 

Code: Select all

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

Code: Select all

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
...
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
proc            /proc           proc    nodev,noexec,nosuid 0       0
# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=9867db83-3638-4175-85de-1a759017e94f /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=85647e08-96d1-4796-9105-1bf5a49c0905 none            swap    sw              0       0
[/color]

add the following lines with the UUID you get from "blkid" (without quotation marks!)

Code: Select all

# Date <here: 05/19/2011> newHome /dev/sda13 added
#UUID=fd5690ab-737c-40e1-96ea-07cb1beefa25        /home ext4 defaults 0 2
save

Log off from graphical user interface (Gnome) and sign on with
Ctrl + Alt + F1
to a
Text-only interface
- logging on with username and password

The following commands need administrator (root) rights

Code: Select all

sudo -s
ShotPWk.png
Change directory

Code: Select all

cd /
sdXY: new home partition
e.g. X = device a, Y = partition 13 -> sda13 newHome

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mkdir /mnt/tmp

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mount /dev/sda13 /mnt/tmp
Replace sda13 with your new home partition

Copy and verify data (needs time - depending on the size of home!)

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rsync -avx --progress /home/ /mnt/tmp 
ScreenshotCp.png

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mount /dev/sda13 /home
Check:

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du -sh /home; mount|grep /home 
OUTPUT:

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/dev/sda13 on /home type ext4 (rw)
[/color]

Important step!

nano or vi

to delete "#" in the last line of /etc/fstab

e.g.

Code: Select all

nano /etc/fstab
save

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umount /home
Delete the files in the old home folder:

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rm -rf /home/*

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reboot
Back on Desktop

Code: Select all

seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ mount
/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
...
/dev/sda13 on /home type ext4 (rw,commit=0)
and
ScreenshotGP_a2_a13k.png
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
21 SystemRescue USB
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


Situation: Computer without CD/ DVD drive.
Necessity to create a live USB flash with Linux tools (e.g. GParted) in Windows, here:
SystemRescueCd
for administrating or repairing your system and data after a crash. It aims to provide an easy way to carry out admin tasks on your computer, such as creating and editing the hard disk partitions
see: http://www.sysresccd.org/Main_Page

http://www.sysresccd.org/Sysresccd-manu ... _USB-stick
See Manual
A) Recommended USB installation method from Linux
B) Recommended USB installation method from Windows

21.1 USB installation method from Windows


Download SystemRescueCd-x86-2.2.1.iso (324 MiB)
Save downloaded file, e.g. in C:/Downloads.

To check if the file is not corrupted, download a free Program to check md5sum:
Download WinMD5Free: http://www.winmd5.com/
Unzip WinMD5Free.zip: right click on the file and choose apllication, e.g. 7-zip, to unzip the file.
Run WinMD5
Check md5sum
a) WinMD5 itself
compare with md5sum WinMD5Free.exe
b) SystemRescue 2.2.1
W7SysResc1.png
W7SysResc2.PNG
USB-stick
Windows Explorer (Panel): right click (Admin)
Format as FAT32

Download sysresccd-installer-1.1.2.exe (1.2 MB).

Systemrescue installer: right click - running as Admin
Important! If you don't do that, you can't boot from your USB (I've tested that!)!
W7SysResc3.PNG
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

21.2 USB installation method from Linux

Starting from Desktop LMDE (kernel 2.6.39-1.dmz.2-liquorix-amd64):

Download SystemRescueCD.iso; supposing: saved to folder Downloads.
Check md5sum:

Code: Select all

seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ cd Downloads
seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ md5sum systemrescuecd-x86-2.3.0.iso
af035a819f1e0fe3e38c0cfdd83f66a1  systemrescuecd-x86-2.3.0.iso
MATCH!
Plug in the USB stick.

Mount the image and execute the installer
Shot1.png
Maybe you have to umount the USB stick before executing the script:

Trying "bash ./usb_inst.sh" ->
Device [/dev/sdb] detected as [JetFlash Transcend 4GB ] is removable and size=3864MB
* Device [/dev/sdb] is mounted: cannot use it
All valid USB/Removable devices are currently mounted, unmount these devices first
My Transcend USB contained (and contains) a primary fat32 partition /dev/sdb1, and a boot flag was set (with GParted), so

Code: Select all

seeley-laptop cdrom # umount /dev/sdb
umount: /dev/sdb: not mounted
seeley-laptop cdrom # umount /dev/sdb1
After having executed the script you see a list of USB sticks;
click in the field " [ ]" in front of the right stick
Shot2.png
Shot3.png
After a few minutes:
Success Installation successfully completed

21.3 System Rescue

Please see screenshots:
http://www.sysresccd.org/Screenshots
and online manual!

Xfce4 panel 4.8.3
Tools: GParted 0.9,...

BTW: My WLAN immediately was detected!
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
22 Bluetooth
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

22.1

Please first make sure that you really have BT.

As I learned to know: some computers have a BT button, but no BT adapter; see:
Aspire 1810TZ

KDE:

i) The BT adapter is not visible
shotBT1.png
If you can't connect:

As root:

Code: Select all

mint mint # hcitool scan
Scanning ...
        00:07:61:BA:93:38       Bluetooth Laser Travel Mouse
        00:16:B8:90:25:AF       Phone
mint mint # hidd --connect 00:07:61:BA:93:38
The program 'hidd' is currently not installed.  You can install it by typing:
apt-get install bluez-compat
After having installed the package:

Code: Select all

mint mint # hidd --connect 00:07:61:BA:93:38
mint mint # 
Success!

ii) BT adapter is not recognized

Maybe you need to switch from the HID mode into the HCI mode,
but the command "hid2hci" is not available in all distris -> See

Code: Select all

man hid2hci
If available, you must find out the Hexcode of the vendor and the product
(on a Linux with working BT or in the net)

Part of my Terminal output (Dell notebook):

Code: Select all

seeley-laptop seeley # lsusb
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 0a5c:4500 Broadcom Corp. BCM2046B1 USB 2.0 Hub (part of BCM2046 Bluetooth)
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 413c:8157 Dell Computer Corp. Integrated Keyboard
Bus 003 Device 004: ID 413c:8158 Dell Computer Corp. Integrated Touchpad / Trackstick
Bus 003 Device 005: ID 413c:8156 Dell Computer Corp. Wireless 370 Bluetooth Mini-card
-> Hexcodes: 413c and 8156

So:

Code: Select all

hid2hci --method=dell --vendor=413c --product=8156
Attempting to switch device 413c:8156 to HCI mode was successful
Bluetooth not working on laptop (Toshiba M100):
http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=141&t=56621

BT now works on Maya MATE:
http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.p ... 6&t=102417

URLs:
https://idebian.wordpress.com/2008/07/0 ... -in-linux/

https://ubuntufs.wordpress.com/2007/05/ ... in-ubuntu/
Last edited by seeley on Mon Jun 29, 2015 12:02 pm, edited 6 times in total.
seeley

Re: Quickly get help

Post by seeley »

22.2

Bluetooth: Connecting to a mobile phone


Linux Mint 17.1 Xfce, Bluetooth manager Blueman 1.23, mobile phone SE K 850 i

Terminal outputs:

Code: Select all

lsmod | grep blue

Code: Select all

bluetooth             391136  23 bnep,hidp,btusb,rfcomm
[/color]

Code: Select all

dpkg -l | awk '/(blue)/{print $2}'

Code: Select all

blueman
bluetooth
bluez
bluez-alsa:amd64
bluez-alsa:i386
bluez-cups
bluez-gstreamer
gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0
libbluetooth3:amd64
libgnome-bluetooth11
pulseaudio-module-bluetooth
[/color]
and

Code: Select all

dpkg -l | awk '/(obex)/{print $2}'

Code: Select all

libopenobex1
obex-data-server
obexd-client
[/color]

Steps:

Notebook: Turn Bluetooth On > Adapters: Always visible
K850i: BT on , visible
Notebook:
Setup New Device > BT device setup assistant starting > Window Device > search
=> K850i detected (and BT mouse)
device.png
pairing2.png
K850i: add localhost0 to my devices
connect.png
Finished: Congratulations, device successfully added
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sending file(s) from notebook to K8550i:

Notebook: Send files to device > select device > select files to send
K850i: accept

Bluetooth File Transfer: Sending files v‎ia BT To K850i

In the notebook window blueman, devices it was not necessary to choose "trust" or "setup"; I immediately could send.by choosing "send file"!

AND

Sending file from K850i to notebook . no problem
----------------------------------------------------------------------
BUT

"Browse on device" does not work!
Last edited by seeley on Mon Jun 22, 2015 11:29 am, edited 12 times in total.
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