Please do not post here! For questions please open an own thread!
Last Update June 26 2015
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This document is provided as is - without warranty. Use it at your own risk.
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All programs and commands tested -
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Exceptions mentioned!
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Tests realized: Julia KDE (64 bit), Katya Gnome (64 + 32 bit), Maya MATE 64 and Cinnamon 64, Petra KDE 64, Qiana KDE 64 and Cin. 64,
Rebecca 64 bit MATE + Cinnamon, LMDE 1 (64 + 32 bit) on 5 notebooks and 1 netbook, LMDE 2 MATE, Cin. 64 bit
This HowTo has no logical sequence, because
> Chapters result from problems in Mint Forum > I only could attach 3 screenshots each post
Downloads http://www.linuxmint.com/oldreleases.php See which version is supported > Overview Linux Mint Releases:
Linux Mint: Desktop Gnome, KDE, Xfce, LXDE and Fluxbox (LM9). Official User Guide: http://www.linuxmint.com/documentation.php
Linux Mint Debian (LMDE): Desktop Gnome, Xfce, (KDE?) > rolling release
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If you nowadays buy a notebook, it is important to know if the type of firmware is BIOS or UEFI (secure boot).
URLs:
http://www.howtogeek.com/175649/what-yo ... -the-bios/
http://itsfoss.com/disable-uefi-secure- ... windows-8/
http://www.maketecheasier.com/disable-s ... windows-8/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_E ... _Interface
Important: many parts of this guidance imply BIOS or UEFI-BIOS (no secure boot), especilaly those concerning partitioning (partition table type msdos, not GPT)
and installing Mint.
My laptop has UEFI with Compatibility Support Module (CSM).
Disabling secure boot => CSM provides compatibility support for traditional legacy BIOS.
To detect CSM support and starting mode, please open a Terminal / Konsole, copy and paste the following command(s) into it:
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sudo dmidecode -t0 | grep -Ei "BIOS boot|UEFI"
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BIOS boot specification is supported
UEFI is supported
> UEFI with CSM = UEFI-BIOS *)
and
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[ -d /sys/firmware/efi ] && echo "EFI boot on HDD" || echo "Legacy boot on HDD"
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Legacy boot on HDD
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*)
2 other possible outputs:
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BIOS boot specification is supported
> only BIOS, no UEFI
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UEFI is supported
> UEFI without CSM
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Important!
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+ Before you install Mint: I highly recommend to download and burn live CD PartedMagic or SystemRescue.
+ Both are containing GParted, the best Partition Editor I know (and other useful tools).
+ If you have Windows (pre-)installed: additional SuperGrubDisk!
+ Homepages: => Please see chapter 0.2
+ After having installed Linux, your computer may not boot;
+ with SGD you are able to start Windows (and maybe Linux) ; with PM or SR you can manipulate system files.
+ No CD / DVD drive: create a live USB SystemRescue => Please see chapter 21 [ methods from Windows and Linux ]
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Chapters
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00 Windows
> 0.1 Checking download and burning image
> 0.2 Valuable live mediums
> 0.3 Preparing Windows for dual boot
01 Linux
02 Terminal / Editors
> 2.1 Short introduction in Terminal
> 2.2 Editors
03 Opening a Thread
04 Hardware
05 Sound
06 Installation
> 6.1 Grub
> 6.2 Partitioning
07 Request
08 HOWTOS
09 Network
10 UNetbootin
11 Windows chainload
12 Integrity of a live CD /DVD
13 Backup boot loader
14 Explanation of a specific partitioning
15 Start Mint from command line
16 swap
> 16.1 Partition
> 16.2 File
> 16.3 Suspend to disk
17 PartedMagic
18 GParted live I
19 Create live USB with "dd"
20 Move home
> 20.1 Preliminary work
> 20.2
21 SystemRescue USB
> 21.1 USB installation method from Windows
> 21.2 USB installation method from Linux
> 21.3 System Rescue
22 Bluetooth
PAGE 2:
23 Gathering Network Data
24 Download Manager
25 Installation: Qiana Cinnamon
26 Mobile Broadband
27 Tipps
> 27.1 VLC web cam
> 27.2 MicroSD
28 LMDE2: Switch DEs
> 28.1 Cinnamon to MATE
> 28.2 MATE to Cinnamon
29 GParted live II
30 GParted live III: manual Partitioning
31 Installing LMDE
32 Installing LM 17.2
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00 Windows
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0.1 Checking download and burning image
Check md5sum after download: WinMD5Free.exe > http://www.winmd5.com/
No burning program -> SetupImgBurn_2.5.5.0.exe > http://www.imgburn.com/
Burn with low speed!
0.2 Valuable live mediums
If installation is failing: Prevention is better than cure!
To start Windows or Linux, repair boot loader GRUB v.1.9:
SuperGrubDisk http://www.supergrubdisk.org/ : Rescatux - Super Grub2 Disk
SystemRescueCd: http://www.sysresccd.org/Main_Page
PartedMagic was free.
http://partedmagic.com/
Since 2013 you have to pay at least $ 9.-, but it's worth its price.
https://partedmagic.com/downloads/
PM is more than a Linux operating system!
0.3 Preparing Windows for dual boot
Backup your data to an external backup medium before trying a dual-boot install.
Windows should be installed first, because it´s a lot easier than installing Windows after Linux.
Clean up unnecessary files and defragment the drive before resizing:
Free downloads:
Revouninstaller - http://www.revouninstaller.com/revo_uni ... nload.html
revosetup.exe ~ 2.6 MB
Features:
+ Creating SystemRestorePoint
+ Scanning for leftovers after the standard uninstall
CCleaner - http://www.piriform.com/ccleaner
ccsetupVersion.exe ~ 3 MB
Features:
+ Cleaner (System, Applications)
+ Registry Cleaner
+ Remove SRP
AuslogicsDiskDefrag - http://www.auslogics.com/en/software/disk-defrag/
disk-defrag-setup.exe ~ 4.5 MB
Shrinking Windows
Windows partition needs to be shrunk, creating free space for the Linux partition(s).
Don't shrink Windows on a running system, use a live medium as PartedMagic/ GParted, GParted or KDE Partition Manager
GParted: http://gparted.sourceforge.net/
After shrinking a Windows partition:
reboot into Windows prior to further partitioning or even installing Mint - to enable Windows to update its boot files.
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01 Linux
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Check download > Terminal/ Konsole: command md5sum *.iso
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seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ pwd
/home/seeley
seeley@seeley-laptop ~ $ cd Downloads
seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ ls -l
total 3614264
-rw-r--r-- 1 seeley seeley 725968896 Jul 24 11:33 linuxmint-11-lxde-32bit-rc2.iso
-rw-r--r-- 1 seeley seeley 54 Jul 24 11:23 md5sumMint11LXDErc2iso
seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ md5sum linuxmint-11-lxde-32bit-rc2.iso
f1c310e709c3236a84a7afa4a44f696d linuxmint-11-lxde-32bit-rc2.iso
seeley@seeley-laptop ~/Downloads $ cat md5sumMint11LXDErc2iso
f1c310e709c3236a84a7afa4a44f696d md5 mintLXDE11rc2iso
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02 Terminal / Editors
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2.1 Short introduction in Terminal
Many tasks in Linux can be done from both graphical interfaces and from commands.
To solve a problem the help you get often requires the output of Terminal / Konsole.
You can find it: Menu/ Accessories/ or Menu/ System Tools- it depends on the distribution and the Desktop.
Some commands require administrator rights (root) - the command depends on the distribution and the Desktop:
On live medium:
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sudo su
Otherwise:
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su -
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command
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sudo command
BTW: LMDE has a Root Terminal.
If you want to post the output of a command:
Mark it, copy (and paste) it into your POST A REPLY choosing Code and pasting it between the two pairs of [] [] brackets - to better read it.
Important commands:
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ls
A description :
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man ls
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pwd
/home/seeley
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cat /etc/hostname
seeley-Amilo
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df -h
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mount
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free
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dmesg
2.2 Editors
Desktop.....Editor...........root command..........Main Menu >
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Gnome.......Gedit............gksudo gedit.............Accessories
KDE...........Kate..............kdesudo kate *)........Applications > Utilities
LXDE.........Leafpad....
XFCE.........Mousepad....gksudo mousepad...
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*) Alt+F2: kdesu kate / kdesu kwrite
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Without graphical interface you have to use a Terminal editor
vim
http://www.linuxquestions.org/linux/ans ... i_Improved
nano
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03 Opening a thread
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1. Posting distribution, kernel, desktop and data medium
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lsb_release -rd
Ex 01.b:Description: Linux Mint 10 Julia
Release: 10
Description: Linux Mint Debian Edition
Release: 1
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uname -a
-> 64 bit... 2.6.35-22-generic #33-Ubuntu SMP Sun Sep 19 20:32:27 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Ex 02.b:
-> 32 bit... 2.6.32-5-686 #1 SMP Thu Nov 25 18:43:34 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux
Ex 02.c:
-> 64 bit2.6.39-1.dmz.2-liquorix-amd64 #1 ZEN SMP PREEMPT Fri Jun 10 01:11:24 CDT 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Desktop: Cinnamon, MATE, KDE, Xfce, LXDE
Image on CD, DVD, USB
2. Number of hard disks
Ex3:
installed operating systemsDisks: HDD Total Size: 80.0GB (5.4% used) 1: /dev/sda FUJITSU_MHT2080A 80.0GB
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2 EXAMPLES WHAT YOU SHOULD POST
Example 4.1 (Minimum):
Example 4.2:Mint 9/ KDE/ 32 bit/ installed from live-CD/ VISTA preinstalled/ 1 hard disk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------important---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mint Julia/ Gnome 2.32.0/ kernel 2.6.35-22-generic #33-Ubuntu SMP Sep 19 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux
installed from live USB <-UNetbootin/ multiboot W7 - Julia - Fedora/
Disks: HDD Total Size: 504.2GB (12.4% used) 1: /dev/sda TOSHIBA_MK5055GS 500.1GB
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mate-about
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04 Hardware
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List Hardware:
As root:
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lshw
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hwinfo
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The program 'hwinfo' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
sudo apt-get install hwinfo
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seeley@seeley0 ~ $ inxi -F
System: Host: seeley0 Kernel: 3.13.0-37-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Xfce 4.11.8 Distro: Linux Mint 17.1 Rebecca
Machine: System: 12345 (portable) product: 67890
Mobo: 12345 model: 67890 Bios: American Megatrends version: 4.6.4 date: 09/07/2011
CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-2450M CPU (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB flags: (lm nx sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3 vmx)
Clock Speeds: 1: 800.00 MHz 2: 800.00 MHz 3: 1400.00 MHz 4: 2500.00 MHz
Graphics: Card: Intel 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller
X.Org: 1.15.1 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1600x900@60.0hz
GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Sandybridge Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 10.1.3
Audio: Card: Intel 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel
Sound: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ver: k3.13.0-37-generic
Network: Card-1: Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6230 [Rainbow Peak] driver: iwlwifi
IF: wlan0 state: down mac: 88:53:2e:b6:17:7d
Card-2: Intel 82579V Gigabit Network Connection driver: e1000e
IF: eth0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: 12:34:56:78:90:ab
Drives: HDD Total Size: 256.1GB (12.8% used) 1: id: /dev/sda model: M4 size: 256.1GB
Partition: ID: / size: 7.8G used: 5.0G (68%) fs: ext4 ID: /home size: 9.8G used: 131M (2%) fs: ext4
ID: swap-1 size: 6.44GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap
RAID: No RAID devices detected - /proc/mdstat and md_mod kernel raid module present
Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 57.8C mobo: N/A
Fan Speeds (in rpm): cpu: N/A
Info: Processes: 196 Uptime: 6:50 Memory: 1018.4/3859.3MB Client: Shell inxi: 1.8.4
seeley@seeley0 ~ $
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lsusb
lists e.g.:
USB mouse, USB printer,
USB flash drive [-> ICON on Gnome Desktop; unplug: right click and "Safely Remove Drive"!],
integrated webcam (!),
USB modem, e.g.:
The first 4 hexadecimal characters (12d1) are showing the vendor and the second 4 hexadecimal characters (1003) the product.Bus 002 Device 007: ID 12d1:1003 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. E220 HSDPA Modem / E270 HSDPA/HSUPA Modem
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lspci
Links concerning Hardware problems:
Debian Wiki: http://wiki.debian.org/HowToIdentifyADevice/PCI
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05 Sound
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Run in a Terminal and post the output:
a)
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cat /proc/asound/card0/codec#* | grep Codec
andCodec: IDT 92HD71B7X
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aplay -L
Sound preferences:
left part of the image: right click on speaker iCON.....................................|| right part of the image: run "pavucontrol" in a Terminal.....................
c)
Terminal:
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alsamixer
d)
Terminal:
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gnome-alsamixer
Sometimes you must add a row in the file /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf, e.g.
(HDA Intel card):
options snd-hda-intel model=auto
Save, reboot, run "alsamixer" to unmute and adjust channels.
If this step was unsuccessful, replace that line with
options snd-hda-intel model=laptop
or instead of "laptop": name of the computer, the model, the manufacturer.
Save, reboot, run "alsamixer" to unmute and adjust channels.
/blacklist*.conf
f) Installation of another kernel / waiting for a new kernel.
Links [solved]:
1. eepc1005hab
Mint 10 is nice but fails re microphone <workaround found>
2.
Help for Sound Problems Intel (ICH5/ICH5R) AC'97
3. Acer eeePC Realtek ALC629
Suddenly no sound from speakers, headphones work
4. LG P1 Express ALC880
No sound on my laptop LG P1
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06 Installation
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6.1 Grub
The GRand Unified Bootloader 2, GRUB 2, is following Grub legacy (Grub 1). I name the successor GRUB"2", because version 1.97 contains bugs (concerning VISTA and PCLinuxOS).
Instead of menu.lst GRUB"2" uses 2 files: grub.cfg (should not be edited) and grub (can be edited)
and a directory /etc/grub.d/
The files can be displayed by:
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cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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cat /etc/default/grub
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gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub
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sudo update-grub
In Ubuntuusers.de/Wiki :
http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/GRUB_Umgebun ... aufspueren
I found the following command (De -> En):
Copy the command into a Terminal and post the output.
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sudo fdisk -l 2>/dev/null | egrep "Disk /|/dev/" | sed "s#^/dev/#Part /dev/#" | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/://' | xargs -n1 -IX sudo sh -c "hexdump -v -s 0x80 -n 2 -e '2/1 \"%x\" \"\\n\"' X | xargs -n1 -IY sh -c \"case \"Y\" in '48b4') echo X: GRUB 2 v1.96 ;; 'aa75' | '5272') echo X: GRUB Legacy ;; '7c3c') echo X: GRUB 2 v1.97 or v1.98 ;; '020') echo X: GRUB 2 v1.99 ;; *) echo X: No GRUB Y ;; esac\""
Part of my output:
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/dev/sda: GRUB 2 v1.99
/dev/sda1: No GRUB 00
/dev/sda2: No GRUB 00
/dev/sda3: No GRUB 6f74
/dev/sda4: No GRUB 00
/dev/sda5: No GRUB 00
...
/dev/sda16: No GRUB 00
/dev/sda17: GRUB 2 v1.99
Comment:
sda: Maya Grub 1.99
sda3: FAT32 partition
sda16: Petra without Grub!
sda17: Qiana Grub 2.02
However the following command (on Qiana KDE 64)
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dpkg --list | grep grub
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ii grub-common 2.02~beta2-9 amd64 GRand Unified Bootloader (common files)
ii grub-gfxpayload-lists 0.6 amd64 GRUB gfxpayload blacklist
ii grub-pc 2.02~beta2-9 amd64 GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (PC/BIOS version)
ii grub-pc-bin 2.02~beta2-9 amd64 GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (PC/BIOS binaries)
ii grub2-common 2.02~beta2-9 amd64 GRand Unified Bootloader (common files for version 2)
ii grub2-theme-mint 1.0.9 all Grub2 theme for Linux Mint
Links concerning GRUB"2":
Ubuntu Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2
Hermans GNU GRUB 1.98: http://members.iinet.net/~herman546/p20.html
If "findGrub" displayed GRUB2 on your root partition -> repair
If "findGrub" displayed No GRUB on your root partition -> install
To repair Grub"2"
Boot from your Mint live medium
Supposing hard disk /dev/sda and Mint root partition sdaX is not labelled
IMPORTANT: replace X 4 times in 3 commands and sda, if your hd is not identified as sda !
Terminal:
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ls /media
Supposing Mint is installed in /dev/sdaX and Grub2 into the MBR of /dev/sda:
Case sensitivity!
Terminal: As root (e.g. Gnome Desktop):
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sudo mkdir /media/SDAX
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sudo mount /dev/sdaX /media/SDAX
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ls /media
Terminal:
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sudo grub-setup -d /media/SDAX/boot/grub /dev/sda
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I did not try to repair or install GRUB"2" on a system with own boot partition!
I suppose you must mount both boot and root partitions and choose as sadX the boot partition.
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To install Grub"2" TESTED in this forum: http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.p ... 69#p376469
Supposing hard disk sda and root partition sdaX
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sudo mount /dev/sdaX /mnt
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sudo mount /dev/sdaW /mnt/boot
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sudo mount /dev/sdaY /mnt/home
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sudo mount --bind /dev/ /mnt/dev
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sudo grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda
6.2 Partitioning
Run in a Terminal and post the output:
a)
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sudo fdisk -l
and
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sudo parted -l print
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sudo gparted
If you don't choose "Apply all operations" and choose "Clear all operations" the changes will not be written to disk.
Reference
http://gparted.sourceforge.net/documentation.php
I highly recommend to use a new version of GP.
PartedMagic has many useful tools as UNetbootin (once used you never will miss it!), TestDisk,...; GParted:
http://partedmagic.com/doku.php
Don't use version 6.4 (bugs)!
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07 Request
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Please add [solved] to the subject line, if your originally question is answered.
Fitzcarraldo/ Sabayon forum gives the best statement I know at http://forum.sabayon.org/viewtopic.php?f=86&t=17059
And please point at this thread - reading unanswered questions - if you find this tutorial helpful and your problem is solved.Why ... to add "[Solved]" to your post. Please read.
There are several reasons why are we asking you to do this small, simple thing:
1. If a thread has been marked "[Solved]" then forum visitors (especially the moderators and knowledgeable members who try to help others) know they don't need to revisit the thread. This saves valuable time, especially if there are several threads with requests for help.
2. When you use the forum's Search facility to look for a solution to a problem, if one or more of the list of posts has "[Solved]" in the Subject then you can open those posts first and probably find the solution to your problem faster. Otherwise you may spend a lot of time reading posts and threads which leave you none the wiser.
3. By doing this yourself, rather than expecting forum moderators to do it for you, you are being courteous as you give us more time to deal with other forum tasks or trying to help with other requests.
4. Other visitors with the same problem as you may not bother to browse a thread again if they think that the discussion is ongoing but no solution has been found. If they see the thread has been marked "[Solved]" the next time they visit the forum, they know immediately to visit/revisit that thread.
Your cooperation would be appreciated. Thanks.
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08 HOWTOS
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ENGLISH
How To install Mint 17.1 Rebecca 64 bit
HowTo install Qiana KDE on a Linux multiboot system
Deutsch
Anleitung: wie schnelle Hilfe erhalten
Anleitung: Installation von Linux Mint Rebecca auf USB